Polygonum achoreum |
Polygonum hickmanii |
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beak-seed knotweed, Blake's knotweed, leathery knotweed, renouée coriace, striate knotweed |
Hickman's knotweed, Scotts Valley polygonum |
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Habit | Plants light green (often covered with whitish powdery mildew), homophyllous or, sometimes, heterophyllous. | Herbs, compact, often cushion-like. |
Stems | erect when young, decumbent or prostrate later, moderately branched especially from base, not wiry, 50–70 cm. |
erect, color unknown, simple to profusely branched from near base, not wiry, 2–5 cm, glabrous. |
Leaves | ocreae 5–12 mm, proximal part cylindric, distal part soon disintegrating into brown fibers; petiole 0.3–1.5 mm; blade light yellowish green, elliptic to obovate, 8–35 × 3–15 mm, margins flat, apex rounded; stem leaves 1–2.1(–3) times longer than branch leaves; distal leaves overtopping flowers. |
persistence and crowded at brance tips, not articulated to ocreae; ocrea 4–6 mm, glabrous, proximal part cylindric, distal part silvery, disintegrating nearly to base into straight fibers; petiole absent; blade 3-veined, without pleats, linear, 5–35 × 1–1.5 mm, margins revolute, smooth, apex acuminate. |
Inflorescences | axillary, cymes in axils of most leaves and toward tips of stems and branchs, 1–3(–5)-flowered. |
axillary; cymes insertion unknown, 1-flowered. |
Pedicels | enclosed in ocreae, 1.3–1.8(–2) mm. |
absent. |
Flowers | closed; perianth 2.6–4 mm; tube 40–55% of perianth length; tepals incurved, yellow-green with yellow to green, rarely pinkish, margins, sepaloid, ± keeled, narrowly oblong, cucullate; midveins unbranched, moderately to heavily thickened, tepals appearing keeled; stamens 5–8. |
closed; perianth 2–3 mm; tube 6–18 % of perianth length, tepals imbrication unknown, white with whitish or pink margins, petaloid, oblong, apex acute, mucronate; midveins unbranched; stamens 8; anthers orange-pink. |
Achenes | enclosed in perianth, yellow-green to tan, ovate, 3-gonous, 2.4–3.5 mm, faces unequal, apex not beaked, edges concave or nearly straight, dull, uniformly tubercled; late-season achenes common, 3–5 mm. |
enclosed in perianth, olive brown, ovate, 2–2.3 mm, faces subequal, shiny, smooth. |
2n | = 40, 60. |
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Polygonum achoreum |
Polygonum hickmanii |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Sep. | Flowering May–Oct. |
Habitat | Disturbed areas, roadsides, sidewalks, edges of cultivated fields | Open, seasonally dry grasslands |
Elevation | 10-800 m (0-2600 ft) | 200-300 m (700-1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AK; CO; CT; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; ND; NE; NV; NY; OH; OR; SD; UT; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NS; NT; ON; QC; SK; YT
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CA |
Discussion | Polygonum achoreum frequently is confused with P. erectum. It can be distinguished by its usually homophyllous leaves, its perianth, which is enlarged at the base and constricted above the fruit, its longer perianth tube, and its yellow-green to tan, tubercled achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. The above description is based on the original one by Hinds and Morgan. Polygonum hickmanii is known only from the northern end of Scotts Valley in Santa Cruz County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 551. | FNA vol. 5, p. 563. |
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Polygonum | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonum > sect. Duravia |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. erectum subsp. achoreum | |
Name authority | S. F. Blake: Rhodora 19: 232. (1917) | H. R. Hinds & Rand. Morgan: Novon 5: 336. (1995) |
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