Polygonella polygama |
Polygonella robusta |
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october-flower |
largeflower jointweed, stout jointweed |
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Habit | Subshrubs, perennial, dioecious, 1.5–7 dm. | Herbs, annual or perennial, gynomonoecious, 5–11 dm. | ||||||||
Stems | erect or decumbent, usually branched proximally and distally, glabrous or minutely pubescent. |
erect, usually branched at base, sometimes simple, glabrous or sparingly scabrous on angles distally. |
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Leaves | persistent; ocrea margins not ciliate; blade linear to narrowly clavate or broadly spatulate, (3–)4–16(–36) × (0.3–)0.6–3.6(–5) mm, base barely tapered to attenuate, margins hyaline at least along distal 1/2, apex obtuse, glabrous. |
persistent; ocrea margins ciliate; blade linear, (10–)25–43(–69) × 1.2–2.5(–3) mm, base barely tapered, margins hyaline, apex acute to acuminate, glabrous. |
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Inflorescences | (2–)4–20(–33) mm; ocreola encircling rachis, only the base adnate to rachis, apex acute to acuminate. |
(10–)20–50(–60) mm; ocreola encircling rachis, only the base adnate to rachis, apex acuminate. |
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Pedicels | spreading in anthesis, spreading to reflexed in fruit, 0.2–0.9 mm, as long or much longer than subtending ocreola. |
spreading in anthesis and fruit, 0.3–1 mm, much longer than subtending ocreola. |
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Flowers | functionally unisexual; filaments dimorphic; anthers pink, orange, or yellow; styles and stigma ca. 0.1 mm in anthesis. |
bisexual or some pistillate, these usually distal; outer tepals loosely appressed in anthesis and fruit, pink to white, drying orange, ovate, 1.7–4.5 mm in anthesis, margins erose; inner and transitional tepals pink to white, drying orange, loosely appressed in anthesis and fruit, oblong, 1.8–3.8 mm in anthesis, margins deeply fringed; filaments monomorphic; anthers pink; styles and stigmas 0.7–1.5 mm in anthesis. |
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Staminate flowers | outer tepals loosely appressed in anthesis, reflexed in fruit, white, broadly elliptic, 0.9–1.8 mm in anthesis, margins entire; inner tepals appressed in anthesis and fruit, white, elliptic, 0.9–1.7 mm in anthesis, margins entire. |
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Pistillate flowers | outer tepals loosely appressed in anthesis, usually reflexed in fruit, white to pink, often drying yellow, broadly elliptic to ovate, 0.5–1.3 mm in anthesis, margins entire; inner tepals appressed in anthesis and fruit, white to pink, often drying yellow or red, broadly elliptic to ovate, 0.6–1.5 mm in anthesis, margins entire. |
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Achenes | mostly included, brown to yellow-brown, 3-gonous, 1.3–2.1 × 0.7–1.2 mm, shiny, smooth. |
usually included, sometimes exserted distally, yellow-brown, 3-gonous, 1.8–2.6 × 1–1.5 mm, shiny and smooth proximally, dull to shiny and minutely roughened distally. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 32. |
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Polygonella polygama |
Polygonella robusta |
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Phenology | Flowering Jul–Dec. | |||||||||
Habitat | Sandy roadsides, waste places, scrub | |||||||||
Elevation | 0-60 m (0-200 ft) | |||||||||
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
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FL |
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Discussion | Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). J. H. Horton (1963) found considerable intergradation among characters used by J. K. Small (1933) to separate Polyonella polygama, P. brachystachya, and P. croomii. He included the latter two taxa in P. polygama. R. P. Wunderlin (1981) as well as G. L. Nesom and V. M. Bates (1984) discussed morphological variation among these geographically distinct entities and recognized three varieties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygonella robusta is closely related to P. fimbriata and has been treated as a variety thereof. Differences in morphology and distribution provide a basis for treating the two taxa as separate species (G. L. Nesom and V. M. Bates 1984). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 5, p. 538. | FNA vol. 5, p. 536. | ||||||||
Parent taxa | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonella | Polygonaceae > subfam. Polygonoideae > Polygonella | ||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||
Synonyms | Polygonum polygamum | Thysanella robusta, P. fimbriata var. robusta | ||||||||
Name authority | (Ventenat) Engelmann & A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 231. (1845) | (Small) G. L. Nesom & V. M. Bates: Brittonia 36: 43. (1984) | ||||||||
Web links |