Polygala verticillata |
Polygala chapmanii |
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polygale verticillé, whorled milkwort |
Chapman's milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 0.5–3(–4) dm, usually branched distally; from slender taproot. | Herbs annual, usually single-stemmed, rarely multi-stemmed, 2–5 dm, unbranched or few branched distally; from taproot, sometimes becoming fibrous root cluster. |
Stems | erect, sometimes slightly glaucous, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous. |
Leaves | usually whorled proximally, sometimes whorled to inflorescence, opposite to alternate distally, rarely alternate throughout; sessile or subsessile, petiole rarely to 1 mm; blade sometimes linear-spatulate proximally, usually linear, linear-oblong, -elliptic, or -lanceolate distally, (5–)10–20(–30) × 0.5–5.5 mm, base cuneate to acute, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade linear to narrowly elliptic proximally, or linear-subulate distally, 6–23 × (0.5–)1(–2) mm, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | nearly spikelike, conic to cylindric-conic, 0.5–5 × 0.2–0.6 cm, sometimes interrupted proximally, with some proximal fruits persistent below gap; peduncle to 9 cm (usually elongate); bracts deciduous, subulate to lanceolate. |
capitate to densely cylindric, 0.7–3(–4) × 0.6–1.3 cm; peduncle 0.3–2 cm; bracts persistent, often with scattered deciduous ones as well, lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.2–1(–2) mm, glabrous. |
0.7–1.6 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | white or with greenish or pinkish tinge, sepals sometimes purplish or whitish, 1–2.2(–2.6) mm; sepals ovate or elliptic to lanceolate, 0.5–1.6 mm, ciliate; wings suborbiculate, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 1–2.6 × 0.8–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded; keel 1.2–1.8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 1 or 2 lobes on each side. |
pink or pale purple, 2.8–4 mm; sepals ovate or lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1.3 mm; wings ovate or elliptic, 2.5–3.3(–3.8) × 1.7–2 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded; keel 2.8–4 mm, crest 2-parted, with 1 lobe on each side, other lobes reduced to low, blunt processes. |
Capsules | subglobose or broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 1.3–2.4 × 0.7–2.2 mm, margins not winged. |
subglobose, 1.5–2.3 × 1.5–2.3 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.2–2.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.5–1 mm, lobes 1/3–1/2 length of seed. |
1–1.5 mm, pubescent; aril 0.5–0.8 mm, lobes 1/3–1/2 length of seed. |
2n | = 34. |
= 72. |
Polygala verticillata |
Polygala chapmanii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–fall. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Meadows, prairies, open woodlands, sand dunes, old fields, open places (limestone glades, railroad rights-of-way, rock quarries). | Wet flatwoods, bogs. |
Elevation | 0–2100 m. (0–6900 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WI; WV; WY; MB; NB; ON; QC; SK
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AL; FL; GA; LA; MS
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Discussion | Varieties of Polygala verticillata have been recognized; they co-occur and intergrade, suggesting that they are polymorphisms not worthy of taxonomic recognition. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala chapmanii occurs almost exclusively in the coastal counties (or one county removed) of the Gulf Coast, from eastern Louisiana to northwestern Florida, with the exception of an outlying occurrence in Georgia and a few counties in Alabama. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. ambigua, P.pretzii pennell, P. verticillata var. ambigua, P. verticillata var. dolichoptera, P. verticillata var. isocycla, P. verticillata var. sphenostachya | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 706. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 131. (1838) |
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