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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort

Small's milkwort, tiny milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). Herbs biennial, usually single-stemmed, rarely multi-stemmed, 0.2–0.5(–0.8) dm, unbranched; from taproot or fibrous root cluster.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

with persistent basal rosette, clustered and irregular, crowded; alternate;

sessile or subsessile with narrowed petiolelike region to 5(–10) mm (usually obscured by tightly clustered leaves);

blade oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 10–42 × 2–14 mm, succulent, base cuneate, apex usually rounded to obtuse, rarely acute, sometimes apiculate, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm;

peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm;

bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate.

capitate, 0.4–3 × 0.5–1.8 cm;

peduncle 0.5–5 cm;

bracts deciduous, often tardily so, linear-subulate.

Pedicels

0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous.

winged, 0.4–0.8 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm;

sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm;

wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute;

keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side.

green or greenish yellow, 4.5–6(–8) mm;

sepals decurrent on pedicel, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, (2–)3–5 mm, sometimes ciliolate;

wings usually lanceolate, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, 4–6(–8) × 1–2 mm, apex long-acuminate, sometimes slightly involute, tip 0.5–0.9 mm;

keel (3.5–)4(–5.5) mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 2-fid or entire lobes on each side;

stamens 6–8.

Capsules

usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim).

broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.6–2 × 1.2–1.6 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent;

aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute.

1.9–2.3 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.9–1.6 mm, lobes 1/2 to ± equal length of seed.

2n

= 64, 68.

Polygala sanguinea

Polygala smallii

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring (year-round).
Habitat Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. Pinelands.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala smallii is known from Broward, Martin, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties.

Compared to Polygala nana, the most similar species, P. smallii is smaller and more compact (stems and inflorescences are shorter and almost always surpassed by the tightly clustered leaves), leaves are narrower with a less conspicuously narrowed petiolelike portion (less obviously spatulate), wing sepals are more strongly lanceolate (tapering more to the apex, whereas P. nana wings typically are more elliptic or oblong-lanceolate), flowers are much greener at anthesis, and seeds are longer.

Polygala smallii is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. viridescens Polygalaarenicola small, Pilostaxis arenicola
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) R. R. Smith & D. B. Ward: Sida 6: 307. (1976)
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