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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort

coastal-plain milkwort, scale-leaf milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). Herbs annual or short-lived perennial, usually single-stemmed, sometimes 2 or 3 stems near base, 1–5 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot or, when perennial, sometimes with slender taprootlike caudex with persistent stem base.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

alternate;

sessile;

blade subulate, squamiform, 0.5–1.6(–2) × 0.3–0.7 mm, base obtuse, apex acute, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm;

peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm;

bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate.

cylindric, 0.4–3.5 × 0.3–0.5 cm;

peduncle 0.1–0.5 cm;

bracts deciduous, lanceolate.

Pedicels

0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous.

0.2–0.5 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm;

sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm;

wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute;

keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side.

usually white, sometimes pinkish tinged, 1.8–2.7 mm;

sepals ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1(–1.5) mm;

wings elliptic to obovate, 1.5–2.5 × 0.6–1.1 mm, apex usually obtuse to bluntly rounded, rarely acute, often minutely apiculate or cuspidate;

keel 1.5–2.2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2or 3 lobes on each side.

Capsules

usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim).

ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.7–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent;

aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute.

0.8–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril vestigial.

Polygala sanguinea

Polygala setacea

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering year-round.
Habitat Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. Moist to somewhat dry flatwoods, pine-palmetto woodlands, margins of seepage bogs.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; GA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The protologue description of Polygala setacea with “in Carolina septentrionali” is the likely source of later reports of the species occurring in the Carolinas, (for example, J. K. Small 1933; R. W. Long and O. Lakela 1971; R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981). There are no known specimens from either of the Carolinas; the locality reported by Michaux may be erroneous. Small reported Polygala setacea also from Mississippi; no supporting specimens are known. The presence of this species in Mississippi or either of the Carolinas would represent a disjunction from the range documented by known vouchers.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. viridescens
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 52. (1803)
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