Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala scoparioides |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
broom milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs perennial, multi-stemmed, (0.5–)0.9–3(–5) dm, unbranched or sparsely branched distally; from thickened caudex. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, sometimes very slightly glaucous, puberulent, hairs incurved. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade linear-lanceolate, linear, or linear-acicular, (3–)7–15 × 0.6–1.3 mm, base acute, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces subglabrous or glabrous. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
loosely cylindric (flowering portion may appear subcapitate from deciduous fruit), (1–)1.5–7.8 ×0.4–0.8 cm; peduncle 0.2–1 cm; bracts deciduous, ovate to lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
0.5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
white, greenish veined, wings with green or purple longitudinal stripe, keel green to purplish brown, (2.7–)2.9–4.7 mm; sepals oblong-ovate, 1.3 mm; wings spatulate-obovate, (2.4–)2.7–4.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm, apex acute to obtuse; keel 2.8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 usually divided lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
oblong-ellipsoid, 3–4.5 × 1.6–2 mm, abaxial locule not winged, adaxial locule slightly longer, winged, wing very narrow. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
2.5–3 mm, puberulent, coat with rows of pits 0.05 mm wide; aril 1–1.9 mm, lobes (1/2–)2/3 to subequal length of seed. |
2n | = 32, 34. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala scoparioides |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering early spring–late fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Various substrates, mostly on limestone, open rocky areas in scrub, grasslands, disturbed areas, chaparral, open woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 500–1900 m. (1600–6200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala scoparioides is closely related to other Mexican taxa of the Monninopsis group, such as P. mexicana Moçiño ex Cavanilles, with which it intergrades morphologically. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Chodat: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 284, plate 26, figs. 6, 7. (1893) |
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