Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala rugelii |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
yellow milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual or biennial, single- or multi-stemmed, 2–7.8 dm, usually branched distally or unbranched; usually from fibrous root cluster or taproot. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
sometimes with basal rosette at anthesis; alternate; sessile or subsessile, proximal leaves sometimes with narrow, petiolelike base to 2 mm; basal blade spatulate, cauline obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate proximally, becoming lanceolate distally, basal to 30–60 × 5–15 mm, cauline 8–45 × 2–8(–12) mm, succulent, base cuneate or acute, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse or rounded proximally, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
capitate, usually 2.5–3(–5) × 1.8–2.5 cm; peduncle 1–15 cm; bracts usually deciduous, narrowly ovate to linear-lanceolate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
winged, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
bright yellow, drying pale yellow to dark greenish brown, 6–9 mm; sepals decurrent on pedicel, deltate-subulate to ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm, ciliolate; wings oblong, elliptic, or obovate, 4.5–9 × 2–4 mm, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5–0.8 mm, involute; keel 5–6 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 2-fid lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
obovoid, ellipsoid or subglobose, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
1.2–1.6 mm, pubescent; aril 1.1–1.6 mm, lobes subequal to or greater than length of seed. |
2n | = 64, 68. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala rugelii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–late fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Wet flatwoods, open areas (including prairielike or savannalike openings). |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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FL
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala rugelii occurs in all of the peninsular counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | Pilostaxis rugelii |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 41. (1852) |
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