Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala ramosa |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
low pine-barren milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual or biennial, single- to multi-stemmed, 1.5–4(–5) dm, unbranched or branched distally; from fibrous root cluster. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
usually without basal rosette at anthesis; alternate; sessile or subsessile; basal blade obovate or spatulate to narrowly elliptic, cauline oblanceolate, spatulate-elliptic, or linear, (7–)15–40(–70) × 1.5–8 mm, base often cuneately narrowed and petiolelike proximally, acute to obtuse distally, apex usually rounded proximally, acute to obtuse distally, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
in cymose panicles, each stem with to 110 racemose branches, 1.8 × 0.7–1.1 cm, ± flat-topped, 2.5–15 ×3–15 cm; central ones nearly sessile or peduncle to 2 cm, lateral ones subsessile or peduncle to 2(–3) cm; bracts usually persistent, lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
narrowly winged, (1–)1.3–2.3 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
bright yellow, drying green or yellow-brown, 3–3.5 mm; sepals decurrent on pedicel, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate, elliptic-obovate, obovate, or spatulate, 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.4 mm, apex acuminate to cuspidate, involute; keel 2–2.5 mm, crest 2-parted, with (1 or)2 or 3 lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
subglobose, 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
0.5–0.7 mm, densely pubescent; aril 0–0.2 mm. |
2n | = 64, 68. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala ramosa |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Savannas, open pine woods, flatwoods, bogs, seepage slopes, coastal swales, exposed pond shores. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala ramosa has been reported from Maryland (M. L. Brown and R. G. Brown 1984, as cited in the USDA Plants database); no vouchers are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | Pilostaxis ramosa |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 186. (1822) |
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