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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort

low pine-barren milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). Herbs annual or biennial, single- to multi-stemmed, 1.5–4(–5) dm, unbranched or branched distally; from fibrous root cluster.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

usually without basal rosette at anthesis; alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

basal blade obovate or spatulate to narrowly elliptic, cauline oblanceolate, spatulate-elliptic, or linear, (7–)15–40(–70) × 1.5–8 mm, base often cuneately narrowed and petiolelike proximally, acute to obtuse distally, apex usually rounded proximally, acute to obtuse distally, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm;

peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm;

bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate.

in cymose panicles, each stem with to 110 racemose branches, 1.8 × 0.7–1.1 cm, ± flat-topped, 2.5–15 ×3–15 cm;

central ones nearly sessile or peduncle to 2 cm, lateral ones subsessile or peduncle to 2(–3) cm;

bracts usually persistent, lanceolate-ovate.

Pedicels

0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous.

narrowly winged, (1–)1.3–2.3 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm;

sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm;

wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute;

keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side.

bright yellow, drying green or yellow-brown, 3–3.5 mm;

sepals decurrent on pedicel, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, 1–3 mm;

wings ovate, elliptic-obovate, obovate, or spatulate, 2.5–3.5 × 1–1.4 mm, apex acuminate to cuspidate, involute;

keel 2–2.5 mm, crest 2-parted, with (1 or)2 or 3 lobes on each side.

Capsules

usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim).

subglobose, 0.8–1 × 0.8–1 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent;

aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute.

0.5–0.7 mm, densely pubescent;

aril 0–0.2 mm.

2n

= 64, 68.

Polygala sanguinea

Polygala ramosa

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. Savannas, open pine woods, flatwoods, bogs, seepage slopes, coastal swales, exposed pond shores.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; NJ; SC; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala ramosa has been reported from Maryland (M. L. Brown and R. G. Brown 1984, as cited in the USDA Plants database); no vouchers are known.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. viridescens Pilostaxis ramosa
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 2: 186. (1822)
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