Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala nuttallii |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
Nuttall's milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1–3 dm, usually branched; from taproot. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, appearing glabrous, but usually puberulent, at least proximally, hairs appressed (very rarely with a few sparse, incurved to spreading hairs). |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade oblanceolate proximally to linear distally, 3–16 × 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, base acute, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
densely cylindric, 0.5–4 × 0.4–0.7 cm; peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm; bracts persistent, linear-lanceolate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
0.5(–1) mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
purple, dull reddish pink, or greenish, 2.4–3.4 mm; sepals ovate, 0.5–0.8 mm; wings elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 2–3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes minutely apiculate; keel 2–3.2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2 or 3 blunt lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
ovoid, ellipsoid, or subglobose, 1.5–2.4 × 1.1–1.8 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
0.9–1.4 mm, pubescent; aril 0.3–0.7 mm, lobes to 1/2 length of seed. |
2n | = 46. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala nuttallii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Dry, sandy meadows, open moist disturbed areas, pocosin margins, pine woodlands, bogs, wet flatwoods, powerline cuts, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; KY; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; VA
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala nuttallii has been reported for Ontario, Canada; no vouchers are known (J. M. Gillett 1968b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 670. (1840) |
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