Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala mariana |
|
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
Maryland milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1.5–5 dm, unbranched or mostly branched distally (sometimes throughout); from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally, hairs incurved. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate; sessile or petiolate, petiole to 1 mm; blade narrowly spatulate proximally to linear distally, (6–)10–20(–25) × (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm, base cuneate or acute, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
capitate, (0.5–)1–3.5 × 0.6–1.1 cm; peduncle 0.2–2 cm; bracts usually deciduous, infrequently a few persistent, scattered, lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
1.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
pink or purple, 4–5.7 mm; sepals elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.8 mm; wings ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 2.5–4.5(–5.2) × 1.1–3(–3.6) mm, apex acute to obtuse, often minutely apiculate; keel 2.3–3.5(–4) mm, crest 2-parted, with2–4 lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
subglobose or ellipsoid, 1.5–2.3 × 1–2 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
0.9–1.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.4 mm, lobes nearly vestigial to 1/3 length of seed. |
2n | = 34. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala mariana |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Dry to moist, sandy meadows, bogs, savannas, open wet areas, open mixed pine-hardwoods. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala mariana is polymorphic (for example, flower color and inflorescence and flower size); separation into discrete taxa has been unsuccessful. Some specimens resemble P. curtissii, which has persistent bracts and usually deeper pink flowers. The two species are largely allopatric, with P. mariana predominantlyon the coastal plain and P. curtissii more inland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | P. harperi |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Polygala no. 6. (1768) |
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