Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala incarnata |
|
---|---|---|
blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
procession flower, slender milkwort |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–4(–7) dm, sparsely branched (rarely from near base); from taproot. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glaucous, glabrous. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
mostly alternate, sometimes whorled or opposite at lowest 1–2 nodes proximally; sessile or subsessile; blade linear, (3–)4–12(–17) × 0.3–1 mm, base obtuse to acute or slightly cuneate, apex acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
(rarely spikelike), densely cylindric, (0.6–)1–3.5(–4) × 1–1.3 cm; peduncle 2–4 cm; bracts deciduous, ovate to lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
(0–)0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
usually pink to purple, rarely white, sepals pink, 5–8(–10) mm; sepals narrowly ovate to linear-oblong or lanceolate, 0.9–1.5(–2.5) mm; wings narrowly ovate to linear-oblong or narrowly oblanceolate, 1.5–3(–4) × 0.6–1 mm, apex acute to obtuse; keel 5–8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 lobes on each side, each 2–4-lobed. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
ellipsoid or subglobose-ovoid, 2.4–3.5 × 1.5–3 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
1–2.2 mm, pubescent; aril to 1.1 mm, not obviously lobed, to 1/4 length of seed. |
Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala incarnata |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–late summer (year-round). |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Prairies, meadows, savannas, bogs, old fields, open woodlands. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–400 m. (0–1300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
|
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; ON; Mexico (Veracruz); Central America (to Nicaragua)
|
Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala incarnata is the only species in the flora area with the keel two (or rarely three) times the length of the sepal wings. It appears to be relatively rare over much of its range. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | Galypola incarnata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 701. (1753) |
Web links |