Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala hookeri |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
Hooker's milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1–2.5(–4) dm, usually sparsely branched distally; from slender taproot. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, sometimes laxly so or sprawling, glabrous or puberulent distally. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
whorled proximally, alternate distally; sessile or subsessile; blade linear to narrowly spatulate, sometimes scalelike proximally, 4–11 × 0.5–1 mm, base cuneate, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or puberulent, hairs glanduliform (as small glandlike projections less than 0.05 mm). |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
loosely conic-cylindric to narrowly capitate, 0.7–4 × 0.6–0.9 cm; peduncle usually 3–7 cm; bracts persistent, triangular-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
1.5–2 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
pink or greenish, keel sometimes yellowish distally, 3–4 mm; sepals ovate, 1.1–1.5 mm; wings ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, 3–4 × 1.3–2 mm, apex acute, short-mucronate, ciliolate on distal margin, hairs sometimes resembling minute, stipitate glands; keel 2.8–3.8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2 or 3 entire lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
with strongly winged stipelike base, globose, 1.4–2.2 × 1.4–2.2 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
1.2 mm, short-pubescent; aril 1.2 mm, lobes subequal to length of seed. |
Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala hookeri |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Wet flatwoods, low pinelands, bogs, savannas. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; FL; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Reports of Polygala hookeri from Georgia (A. Weakley, pers. comm. as cited in the USDA Plants database) and Texas (S. L. Hatch et al. 1990) appear to be erroneous, as no vouchers are known. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | P. attenuata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 671. (1840) |
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