Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala glochidata |
|
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
glochidiate milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1–3 dm, unbranched or branched throughout; from taproot or fibrous root cluster. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, pubescent or subglabrous, hairs spreading. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
whorled, at least proximally; sessile or subsessile; blade narrowly oblanceolate-spatulate to linear or scalelike, 3–25 × 0.5–2(–5) mm, base cuneate, apex rounded or acute, surfaces pubescent. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
cylindric, 1–3 × 0.5 cm; peduncle to 1 cm; bracts deciduous, narrowly ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
pink, purple, or white, 2.5–4.5 mm; sepals ovate to elliptic, 0.5–1 mm; wings mostly elliptic, to ovate or obovate, 3–5 × 2–3 mm, apex acute or obtuse; keel 2.7–3.8 mm, crest 2-parted with 2–4 entire or 2-fid lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
ellipsoid, 1.5–2 × 1 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
0.7–1.1 mm, pubescent, hairs glochidiate; aril vestigial or, rarely, to 0.1 mm, unlobed. |
Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala glochidata |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering summer–late fall. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Grasslands, montane slopes, near ephemeral springs or seeps. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 1000–1800 m. (3300–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AZ; Central America; South America; Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Sonora, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies |
Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala glochidata occurs in Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz counties. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Kunth in A. von Humboldt et al.: Nov. Gen. Sp. 5(fol.): 313; 5(qto.): 400. (1823) |
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