Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala cymosa |
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blood milkwort, blood or purple or field milkwort, field milkwort, polygale sanguin, purple milkwort |
tall milkwort, tall pine-barren milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (0.5–)1–4 dm, usually branched distally; from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). | Herbs biennial, usually single-stemmed, 4–12 dm, usually unbranched proximal to inflorescences; from fibrous root cluster. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade spatulate proximally to linear or narrowly elliptic distally, (5–)10–20(–40) × (0.5–)1–3(–5) mm, base acute or obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
with persistent, largebasal rosette, sometimes withered at anthesis, brown leaves usually present; alternate; sessile or subsessile; basal blade linear-lanceolate to linear, (30–)35–70(–140) × 2–7 mm, cauline blade abruptly reduced to bracts of inflorescence, base obtuse, apex acute, obtuse, or rounded, surfaces glabrous. |
Racemes | capitate to densely cylindric, (0.5–)1–2(–4) × 0.5–1.4 cm; peduncle 0.3–2.5(–3) cm; bracts subpersistent to tardily deciduous, subulate. |
in cymose panicles, ± flat-topped, 5–11 × 6–20 cm; each stem with to 150 racemose branches, 2–5 × 1–1.5 cm; central ones nearly sessile, lateral ones with peduncle to 3 cm; bracts persistent, narrowly lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.4–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
winged, 2–4 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually pink, purple, or reddish purple, rarely white, sometimes greenish tinged, sepals sometimes pink or white, 4–6 mm; sepals oval, elliptic-ovate, or lanceolate, 1–3 mm; wings ovate to broadly elliptic, (2.6–)4.5–6.3 × (1–)2.5–3.5 mm, apex obtuse to broadly rounded, sometimes minutely apiculate, rarely acute; keel 2.5–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side. |
bright yellow, becoming pale yellow to green on drying, 4.5–6.4 mm; sepals decurrent on pedicel, ovate to lanceolate-ovate, (1–)1.5–3.2 mm, sometimes sparsely ciliolate; wings elliptic to obovate or oblanceolate, (2–)4–6.2 × 1.4–2.2 mm, apex abruptly cuspidate, involute; keel 4.5–4.8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2 or 3 entire or 2-fid lobes on each side. |
Capsules | usually with flattened, sterile base, cuneate-subglobose, 2.5–3 × 2–2.5 mm, margins not winged (sometimes with raised rim). |
subglobose, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1.3–1.7 mm, pubescent; aril 1–1.3 mm, lobes usually (1/2–)2/3 to ± length of seed, rarely minute. |
0.6–0.9 mm, glabrous; aril minute (usually appearing vestigial, usually less than 0.05 mm), unlobed. |
2n | = 64, 68. |
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Polygala sanguinea |
Polygala cymosa |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Prairies, old fields, gravelly logging road margins, meadows, glades, bogs, flatwoods, open woods. | Wet depressions in savannas, pine flatwoods, bogs, edges of acidic swamps, cypress ponds, Carolina bays, marshes, emergent aquatics, especially in seasonally ponded Coastal Plain depressions. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC
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Discussion | Polygala sanguinea is the only species of the genus in the flora area with the wings to twice the length of the keel. Late season flowers can have much smaller wings, some as small as 2.6 × 1 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Reports of Polygala cymosa from Maryland (M. L. Brown and R. G. Brown 1984, as cited in the USDA Plants database) and Texas (M. Pollard et al. 2009) are in error; no vouchers are known from Maryland and the specimen cited for Texas is P. ramosa. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. viridescens | Pilostaxis cymosa, P. attenuata |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 2: 705. (1753) | Walter: Fl. Carol., 179. (1788) |
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