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Maryland milkwort

broom milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1.5–5 dm, unbranched or mostly branched distally (sometimes throughout); from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). Herbs perennial, multi-stemmed, (0.5–)0.9–3(–5) dm, unbranched or sparsely branched distally; from thickened caudex.
Stems

erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally, hairs incurved.

erect, sometimes very slightly glaucous, puberulent, hairs incurved.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or petiolate, petiole to 1 mm;

blade narrowly spatulate proximally to linear distally, (6–)10–20(–25) × (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm, base cuneate or acute, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear-lanceolate, linear, or linear-acicular, (3–)7–15 × 0.6–1.3 mm, base acute, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces subglabrous or glabrous.

Racemes

capitate, (0.5–)1–3.5 × 0.6–1.1 cm;

peduncle 0.2–2 cm;

bracts usually deciduous, infrequently a few persistent, scattered, lanceolate-ovate.

loosely cylindric (flowering portion may appear subcapitate from deciduous fruit), (1–)1.5–7.8 ×0.4–0.8 cm;

peduncle 0.2–1 cm;

bracts deciduous, ovate to lanceolate-ovate.

Pedicels

1.5–3.5 mm, glabrous.

0.5 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

pink or purple, 4–5.7 mm;

sepals elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.8 mm;

wings ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 2.5–4.5(–5.2) × 1.1–3(–3.6) mm, apex acute to obtuse, often minutely apiculate;

keel 2.3–3.5(–4) mm, crest 2-parted, with2–4 lobes on each side.

white, greenish veined, wings with green or purple longitudinal stripe, keel green to purplish brown, (2.7–)2.9–4.7 mm;

sepals oblong-ovate, 1.3 mm;

wings spatulate-obovate, (2.4–)2.7–4.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm, apex acute to obtuse;

keel 2.8 mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 usually divided lobes on each side.

Capsules

subglobose or ellipsoid, 1.5–2.3 × 1–2 mm, margins not winged.

oblong-ellipsoid, 3–4.5 × 1.6–2 mm, abaxial locule not winged, adaxial locule slightly longer, winged, wing very narrow.

Seeds

0.9–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.4 mm, lobes nearly vestigial to 1/3 length of seed.

2.5–3 mm, puberulent, coat with rows of pits 0.05 mm wide;

aril 1–1.9 mm, lobes (1/2–)2/3 to subequal length of seed.

2n

= 34.

= 32, 34.

Polygala mariana

Polygala scoparioides

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering early spring–late fall.
Habitat Dry to moist, sandy meadows, bogs, savannas, open wet areas, open mixed pine-hardwoods. Various substrates, mostly on limestone, open rocky areas in scrub, grasslands, disturbed areas, chaparral, open woodlands.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 500–1900 m. (1600–6200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala mariana is polymorphic (for example, flower color and inflorescence and flower size); separation into discrete taxa has been unsuccessful. Some specimens resemble P. curtissii, which has persistent bracts and usually deeper pink flowers. The two species are largely allopatric, with P. mariana predominantlyon the coastal plain and P. curtissii more inland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala scoparioides is closely related to other Mexican taxa of the Monninopsis group, such as P. mexicana Moçiño ex Cavanilles, with which it intergrades morphologically.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. harperi
Name authority Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Polygala no. 6. (1768) Chodat: Mém. Soc. Phys. Genève 31(2): 284, plate 26, figs. 6, 7. (1893)
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