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Polygala californica

California milkwort, milkwort

maravillas milkwort

Habit Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, multi-stemmed, often forming a ground cover, 0.5–3.5 dm. Subshrubs, multi-stemmed, broomlike, 1.5–4 dm.
Stems

laxly erect, decumbent, or prostrate, pubescent to subglabrous, hairs incurved.

usually erect, usually stiff, sometimes lax or sprawling, usually glaucous, especially proximally, glabrous.

Leaves

sessile or subsessile;

blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 7–50(–60) × 3–20(–26) mm, base usually rounded to acute, sometimes cuneate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces pubescent, hairs incurved.

early deciduous; usually sessile, rarely subsessile;

blade scalelike, linear-subulate, lanceolate, or elliptic, 2(–3) × 0.5–1 mm, base and apex narrowly acute, surfaces pubescent, hairs incurved.

Racemes

terminal or leaf-opposed, 1–4(–5) × 1.8–3 cm;

rachis not thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0–1 cm;

bracts early deciduous, linear to lanceolate.

terminal, often also appearing axillary (from branches proximal to racemes of major branches with vegetative portions highly reduced), 2–10(–15) × 0.8–1.9 cm;

rachis not thorn-tipped;

peduncle to 2 cm, sometimes vestigial, especially on reduced axillary racemes;

bracts mostly deciduous, rarely persistent, lanceolate, narrowly ovate, or linear.

Pedicels

(2.5–)3.5–8.5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous.

1.5–3.2(–3.6) mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually pink, rarely white, keel distally yellow (fading white), (2.5–)9–14.5 mm, cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers mostly 2.5–5 mm, intergrading with chasmogamous flowers;

sepals deciduous, elliptic, 4–6.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous;

wings obovate, (7.5–)8–12 × 2.5–6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel (7–)8–11 mm, sac glabrous (sometimes proximally ciliate), beak oblong, (1.2–)1.6–3 × 0.7–1 mm (mostly absent in cleistogamous flowers), usually notched or contorted abaxially, rarely subentire, pubescent.

pink, keel green to yellow distally, (3–)3.4–5 mm;

upper sepal persistent, others deciduous, ovate to elliptic, lower sepals ovate or elliptic to narrowly obovate, 1.5–2.8 mm, glabrous, margins sparsely ciliate proximally;

wings obovate, (2.7–)3.5–4.7 × (1.5–)1.8–2.8 mm, glabrous, margins sometimes sparsely ciliate proximally;

keel (2.5–)2.7–3.5 mm, sac incurved-puberulent in distal 1/2, beak bluntly rounded, 0.3–0.8 × 0.3–0.6 mm, pubescent.

Capsules

ellipsoid to ovoid, 7.3–10.5 × 4.5–7 mm, in cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers 4.5–8 mm, base obtuse, rounded, or subtruncate, margins with narrow, entire or slightly erose wing, glabrous, margins sometimes ciliolate.

obovoid, usually narrowly so, (2.6–)3.3–4.4 × 1.8–2.6 mm, base cuneate, margins with very narrow and even wing, glabrous or sparsely pubescent apically.

Seeds

3.5–6 mm, densely pubescent;

aril 1.7–4 mm, less than 1/2 length of seed.

2.3–2.9 mm, pubescent, usually more sparsely pubescent to often subglabrous in distal 1/5–1/2 (sometimes evenly pubescent throughout);

aril 0.6–1.1 mm, lobes to 1/3 length of seed.

Cleistogamous

or semi-cleistogamous flowers often present terminally, on much reduced scale-leaved lateral branches from proximal (or distal) leaf axils, or terminally on leafy branches that are often leaf-opposed.

2n

= 18.

= 18 (36).

Rhinotropis californica

Rhinotropis maravillasensis

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Rocky or clay soils, deep duff, rich soils, serpentine soils, slopes or drainages, full sun to deep shade, open habitat, chaparral, mixed evergreen forests, oak woodlands, coniferous forests. Crevices of limestone rocks and cliffs in desert and semidesert canyons and hills.
Elevation 10–1400 m. [30–4600 ft.] 400–900 m. [1300–3000 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
TX; Mexico (Coahuila)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhinotropis californica occurs in western California and Oregon.

Cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers can appear earlier than chasmogamous flowers. Their flowers, fruits, and seeds are similar to those of chasmogamous flowers, but typically are smaller and without the keel beak.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

In the flora area, Rhinotropis maravillasensis occurs along the Rio Grande in Brewster and Terrell counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis
Sibling taxa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
Synonyms Polygalacalifornica nuttall Polygala maravillasensis
Name authority (Nuttall) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 134. (2011) (Correll) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011)
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