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Polygala californica

California milkwort, milkwort

beak spiny polygala, desert milkwort, notch-beak milkwort

Habit Herbs, sometimes suffrutescent, multi-stemmed, often forming a ground cover, 0.5–3.5 dm. Subshrubs, multi-stemmed, mat-forming, 1–2.5 dm.
Stems

laxly erect, decumbent, or prostrate, pubescent to subglabrous, hairs incurved.

prostrate to laxly erect, often glaucous, glabrous or pubescent, hairs spreading.

Leaves

sessile or subsessile;

blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 7–50(–60) × 3–20(–26) mm, base usually rounded to acute, sometimes cuneate, apex rounded to acute, surfaces pubescent, hairs incurved.

sessile;

blade ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 4–20 × 2–12 mm, base cuneate, rounded, or nearly clasping, apex acute or rounded, surfaces pubescent, hairs spreading.

Racemes

terminal or leaf-opposed, 1–4(–5) × 1.8–3 cm;

rachis not thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0–1 cm;

bracts early deciduous, linear to lanceolate.

terminal, to 3.5(–5) × 1.5–3 cm;

rachis thorn-tipped;

peduncle 0.2–0.3 cm;

bracts deciduous, ovate, elliptic, or linear.

Pedicels

(2.5–)3.5–8.5 mm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous.

(3–)4–8(–9.5) mm, glabrous or pubescent.

Flowers

usually pink, rarely white, keel distally yellow (fading white), (2.5–)9–14.5 mm, cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers mostly 2.5–5 mm, intergrading with chasmogamous flowers;

sepals deciduous, elliptic, 4–6.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous;

wings obovate, (7.5–)8–12 × 2.5–6 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel (7–)8–11 mm, sac glabrous (sometimes proximally ciliate), beak oblong, (1.2–)1.6–3 × 0.7–1 mm (mostly absent in cleistogamous flowers), usually notched or contorted abaxially, rarely subentire, pubescent.

pink, wings usually pink, keel distally yellow, (7.5–)9.5–13.5 mm;

sepals deciduous, elliptic to ovate, lower sepals mostly obovate, (2–)2.5–6 mm, pubescent;

wings obovate to elliptic-obovate, (6.5–)8–12.5 × (2.5–)3–5.5 mm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent;

keel (6–)7.5–11.2 mm, sac glabrous, beak oblong, with 1 or 2 prominent invaginations along abaxial side formed by sinuate excess tissue, (1.4–)2–4 × (0.6–)0.8–1.3 mm, glabrous.

Capsules

ellipsoid to ovoid, 7.3–10.5 × 4.5–7 mm, in cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers 4.5–8 mm, base obtuse, rounded, or subtruncate, margins with narrow, entire or slightly erose wing, glabrous, margins sometimes ciliolate.

ellipsoid-ovoid to obovoid, 4.2–7.8 × 3.7–7 mm, base cuneate to rounded, margins with very narrow and even wing, pubescent or glabrous.

Seeds

3.5–6 mm, densely pubescent;

aril 1.7–4 mm, less than 1/2 length of seed.

3–4.4 mm, most densely pubescent apically, proximal 1/2 sparsely and unevenly pubescent or glabrous;

aril 1.3–2.6 mm, lobes 1/4–1/2 length of seed.

Cleistogamous

or semi-cleistogamous flowers often present terminally, on much reduced scale-leaved lateral branches from proximal (or distal) leaf axils, or terminally on leafy branches that are often leaf-opposed.

2n

= 18.

= 36(or 38).

Rhinotropis californica

Rhinotropis heterorhyncha

Phenology Flowering spring–summer. Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat Rocky or clay soils, deep duff, rich soils, serpentine soils, slopes or drainages, full sun to deep shade, open habitat, chaparral, mixed evergreen forests, oak woodlands, coniferous forests. Sandy or gravelly open slopes and flats in desert scrub.
Elevation 10–1400 m. [30–4600 ft.] 900–1600 m. [3000–5200 ft.]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; NV
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Rhinotropis californica occurs in western California and Oregon.

Cleistogamous and semi-cleistogamous flowers can appear earlier than chasmogamous flowers. Their flowers, fruits, and seeds are similar to those of chasmogamous flowers, but typically are smaller and without the keel beak.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Rhinotropis heterorhyncha is known from the Funeral Mountains of Inyo County, California, in the Mojave Desert region, and from adjacent areas of southern Nevada.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis Polygalaceae > Rhinotropis
Sibling taxa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. heterorhyncha, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
R. acanthoclada, R. californica, R. cornuta, R. intermontana, R. lindheimeri, R. maravillasensis, R. nitida, R. nudata, R. rimulicola, R. rusbyi, R. subspinosa
Synonyms Polygalacalifornica nuttall Polygala subspinosa var. heterorhyncha, P. heterorhyncha
Name authority (Nuttall) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 134. (2011) (Barneby) J. R. Abbott: J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 5: 135. (2011)
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