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swamp milkwort

Small's milkwort, tiny milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. Herbs biennial, usually single-stemmed, rarely multi-stemmed, 0.2–0.5(–0.8) dm, unbranched; from taproot or fibrous root cluster.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

with persistent basal rosette, clustered and irregular, crowded; alternate;

sessile or subsessile with narrowed petiolelike region to 5(–10) mm (usually obscured by tightly clustered leaves);

blade oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, 10–42 × 2–14 mm, succulent, base cuneate, apex usually rounded to obtuse, rarely acute, sometimes apiculate, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm;

peduncle 0.5–1 cm;

bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate.

capitate, 0.4–3 × 0.5–1.8 cm;

peduncle 0.5–5 cm;

bracts deciduous, often tardily so, linear-subulate.

Pedicels

0.8–1 mm, glabrous.

winged, 0.4–0.8 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm;

sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm;

wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded;

keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side.

green or greenish yellow, 4.5–6(–8) mm;

sepals decurrent on pedicel, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, (2–)3–5 mm, sometimes ciliolate;

wings usually lanceolate, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, 4–6(–8) × 1–2 mm, apex long-acuminate, sometimes slightly involute, tip 0.5–0.9 mm;

keel (3.5–)4(–5.5) mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 2-fid or entire lobes on each side;

stamens 6–8.

Capsules

oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged.

broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.6–2 × 1.2–1.6 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed.

1.9–2.3 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.9–1.6 mm, lobes 1/2 to ± equal length of seed.

2n

= 64, 68.

Polygala appendiculata

Polygala smallii

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer. Flowering spring (year-round).
Habitat Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. Pinelands.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala smallii is known from Broward, Martin, Miami-Dade, Palm Beach, and St. Lucie counties.

Compared to Polygala nana, the most similar species, P. smallii is smaller and more compact (stems and inflorescences are shorter and almost always surpassed by the tightly clustered leaves), leaves are narrower with a less conspicuously narrowed petiolelike portion (less obviously spatulate), wing sepals are more strongly lanceolate (tapering more to the apex, whereas P. nana wings typically are more elliptic or oblong-lanceolate), flowers are much greener at anthesis, and seeds are longer.

Polygala smallii is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. leptocaulis Polygalaarenicola small, Pilostaxis arenicola
Name authority Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) R. R. Smith & D. B. Ward: Sida 6: 307. (1976)
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