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swamp milkwort

yellow milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. Herbs annual or biennial, single- or multi-stemmed, 2–7.8 dm, usually branched distally or unbranched; usually from fibrous root cluster or taproot.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

sometimes with basal rosette at anthesis; alternate;

sessile or subsessile, proximal leaves sometimes with narrow, petiolelike base to 2 mm;

basal blade spatulate, cauline obovate, oblanceolate, or spatulate proximally, becoming lanceolate distally, basal to 30–60 × 5–15 mm, cauline 8–45 × 2–8(–12) mm, succulent, base cuneate or acute, apex usually acute, sometimes obtuse or rounded proximally, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm;

peduncle 0.5–1 cm;

bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate.

capitate, usually 2.5–3(–5) × 1.8–2.5 cm;

peduncle 1–15 cm;

bracts usually deciduous, narrowly ovate to linear-lanceolate.

Pedicels

0.8–1 mm, glabrous.

winged, 2–2.5 mm, glabrous.

Flowers

usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm;

sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm;

wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded;

keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side.

bright yellow, drying pale yellow to dark greenish brown, 6–9 mm;

sepals decurrent on pedicel, deltate-subulate to ovate, 1.5–2.5 mm, ciliolate;

wings oblong, elliptic, or obovate, 4.5–9 × 2–4 mm, apex acuminate, acumen 0.5–0.8 mm, involute;

keel 5–6 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 2-fid lobes on each side.

Capsules

oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged.

obovoid, ellipsoid or subglobose, 1.5–2 × 1.5–2 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed.

1.2–1.6 mm, pubescent;

aril 1.1–1.6 mm, lobes subequal to or greater than length of seed.

2n

= 64, 68.

Polygala appendiculata

Polygala rugelii

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer. Flowering spring–late fall.
Habitat Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. Wet flatwoods, open areas (including prairielike or savannalike openings).
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala rugelii occurs in all of the peninsular counties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. leptocaulis Pilostaxis rugelii
Name authority Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) Shuttleworth ex A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 3(5): 41. (1852)
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