Polygala appendiculata |
Polygala mariana |
|
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swamp milkwort |
Maryland milkwort |
|
Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, 1.5–5 dm, unbranched or mostly branched distally (sometimes throughout); from taproot (or rarely fibrous root cluster). |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, glabrous or sparsely pubescent distally, hairs incurved. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
alternate; sessile or petiolate, petiole to 1 mm; blade narrowly spatulate proximally to linear distally, (6–)10–20(–25) × (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm, base cuneate or acute, apex acute, surfaces glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm; peduncle 0.5–1 cm; bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate. |
capitate, (0.5–)1–3.5 × 0.6–1.1 cm; peduncle 0.2–2 cm; bracts usually deciduous, infrequently a few persistent, scattered, lanceolate-ovate. |
Pedicels | 0.8–1 mm, glabrous. |
1.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
Flowers | usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm; sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm; wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded; keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side. |
pink or purple, 4–5.7 mm; sepals elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 0.8–1.8 mm; wings ovate, elliptic, or obovate, 2.5–4.5(–5.2) × 1.1–3(–3.6) mm, apex acute to obtuse, often minutely apiculate; keel 2.3–3.5(–4) mm, crest 2-parted, with2–4 lobes on each side. |
Capsules | oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged. |
subglobose or ellipsoid, 1.5–2.3 × 1–2 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1–1.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed. |
0.9–1.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.4 mm, lobes nearly vestigial to 1/3 length of seed. |
2n | = 34. |
|
Polygala appendiculata |
Polygala mariana |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. | Dry to moist, sandy meadows, bogs, savannas, open wet areas, open mixed pine-hardwoods. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Polygala mariana is polymorphic (for example, flower color and inflorescence and flower size); separation into discrete taxa has been unsuccessful. Some specimens resemble P. curtissii, which has persistent bracts and usually deeper pink flowers. The two species are largely allopatric, with P. mariana predominantlyon the coastal plain and P. curtissii more inland. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. leptocaulis | P. harperi |
Name authority | Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) | Miller: Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Polygala no. 6. (1768) |
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