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swamp milkwort

wing milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. Herbs perennial, single- or multi-stemmed, 1.2–4(–5.6)[–7.5] dm, unbranched or branched distally; from thickened caudex.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

erect, sometimes slightly glaucous, usually glabrous, rarely with few scattered, minute hairs, those appressed to incurved.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, (3–)6–25 × 0.6–1 mm, base obtuse, apex acute to subacuminate, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm;

peduncle 0.5–1 cm;

bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate.

loosely cylindric, 3–15(–21) × 0.4–0.8 cm;

peduncle 0.5–2.5 cm;

bracts deciduous, ovate to lanceolate-ovate.

Pedicels

0.8–1 mm, glabrous.

0.5–1 mm, usually glabrous, rarely puberulent.

Flowers

usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm;

sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm;

wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded;

keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side.

white, greenish veined, 3–4.5 mm;

sepals ovate, 1.6–2.3 mm;

wings obovate or elliptic-ovate, 3–4.3 × 1.6–1.8 mm, apex obtuse (rarely to bluntly rounded);

keel 3.4 mm, crest 2-parted, with 3 lobes on each side, each 2–4-lobed.

Capsules

oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged.

oblong, 4–6.3 × 2.3 mm, abaxial locule not winged, adaxial locule longer, winged, wing broadly scarious, erose-crenulate.

Seeds

1–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed.

2.7 mm, pubescent, coat with rows of pits 0.05 mm wide;

arils 2 mm, lobes 1/3–2/3 length of seed, vestigial, or to 1/3 length of seed in wingless abaxial locule.

Polygala appendiculata

Polygala hemipterocarpa

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer. Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. Rocky slopes in grasslands, open woodlands.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 1400–2600 m. (4600–8500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, eastern Sonora, Tamaulipas)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala hemipterocarpa is known only from the Chihuahuan and eastern Sonoran deserts.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. leptocaulis
Name authority Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) A. Gray: Smithsonian Contr. Knowl. 5(6): 31. (1853)
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