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swamp milkwort

Boykin's milkwort

Habit Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. Herbs short-lived perennial, usually multi-stemmed, (1.5–)2–6 dm, infrequently branched distally; caudex thickened.
Stems

erect, glabrous.

usually erect or decumbent, rarely prostrate, glabrous.

Leaves

alternate;

sessile or subsessile;

blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous.

whorled, at least proximally, to alternate distally;

sessile or subsessile, rarely with narrowed petiolelike base to 1 mm;

blade linear, elliptic, lanceolate, or obovate, 3–25 × 1–5 mm, base cuneate, margins sometimes erose, appearing toothed, apex often acute, sometimes obtuse or rounded proximally, surfaces glabrous.

Racemes

cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm;

peduncle 0.5–1 cm;

bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate.

narrowly cylindric, 3–12(–15) × 0.4–0.8 cm;

peduncle to 9 cm (elongate);

bracts deciduous, lanceolate-ovate.

Pedicels

0.8–1 mm, glabrous.

to 0.5 mm (to 1 mm in fruit), glabrous.

Flowers

usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm;

sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm;

wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded;

keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side.

white or greenish white, 2.5–3.2 mm;

sepals ovate to elliptic, 1–1.3 mm;

wings suborbiculate, broadly elliptic, or obovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded;

keel 2–3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–4 lobes on each side.

Capsules

oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged.

subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 1.7–4 × (1.2–)2–3 mm, margins not winged.

Seeds

1–1.2 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed.

1–2.5 mm, pubescent;

aril 0.5–1.5 mm, lobes 1/3–2/3 length of seed.

2n

= ca. 28, 96.

Polygala appendiculata

Polygala boykinii

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer. Flowering spring–summer.
Habitat Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. Open slopes, prairielike sites, cut-over oak-pine forests, limestone outcrops, flatwoods.
Elevation 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TN; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Polygala boykinii is highly variable, with numerous distinctive forms in southern Florida and the Caribbean, some of which may merit specific recognition.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 10. FNA vol. 10.
Parent taxa Polygalaceae > Polygala Polygalaceae > Polygala
Sibling taxa
P. alba, P. balduinii, P. boykinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
P. alba, P. appendiculata, P. balduinii, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. crenata, P. cruciata, P. curtissii, P. cymosa, P. glochidata, P. hemipterocarpa, P. hookeri, P. incarnata, P. leptostachys, P. lewtonii, P. lutea, P. mariana, P. nana, P. nuttallii, P. polygama, P. ramosa, P. rugelii, P. sanguinea, P. scoparioides, P. senega, P. setacea, P. smallii, P. verticillata, P. vulgaris, P. watsonii
Synonyms P. leptocaulis Polygalaboykinii var. var. sparsifolia, P. boykinii var. suborbicularis, P. flagellaris, P. praetervisa
Name authority Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) Nuttall: J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 7: 86. (1834) — (as boykini)
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