Polygala appendiculata |
Polygala alba |
|
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swamp milkwort |
white milkwort |
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Habit | Herbs annual, single-stemmed, (1–)2–5(–6) dm, branched distally; from taproot, usually quickly becoming fibrous root cluster. | Herbs perennial, multi-stemmed, (0.5–)2–4(–5) dm, infrequently branched; caudex thickened. |
Stems | erect, glabrous. |
erect, sparsely pubescent or glabrate, hairs minute, incurved. |
Leaves | alternate; sessile or subsessile; blade linear to subfiliform, 8–25 × 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces glabrous. |
whorled at 1 or 2 nodes proximally, rarely more; sessile or subsessile; blade narrowly oblanceolate or spatulate proximally, to narrowly oblong or linear distally, 4–18(–25) × 1.5–2.5 mm proximally, 8–25 × 0.5–1.2(–2) mm distally, base cuneate, apex rounded to acute proximally, acute to acuminate distally, surfaces very sparsely pubescent or glabrate, hairs minute, incurved. |
Racemes | cylindric, 1.5–13 × 0.5–0.6 cm; peduncle 0.5–1 cm; bracts deciduous, narrowly lanceolate-ovate. |
to nearly spikes, cylindric-conic, (1–)2–8.5(–12) × 0.4–0.8 cm, often interrupted proximally; peduncle (1–)2–13 cm; bracts deciduous, lanceolate. |
Pedicels | 0.8–1 mm, glabrous. |
0.1–1 mm, pubescent to subglabrous. |
Flowers | usually purplish pink or lavender-pink, rarely white, 1.6–2.2 mm; sepals ovate to narrowly lanceolate-ovate, 0.6–1 mm; wings obovate or elliptic, 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse to bluntly rounded; keel 1.5–2 mm, crest 2-parted, with 2–3 lobes on each side. |
white, sepals, including wings, often with greenish or purple longitudinal stripe, keel distally green or yellow, crest often purplish, 2–3.5(–4) mm; sepals ovate to oblong, 1.3–1.8 mm, pubescent; wings elliptic or ovate, 2.2–4 × 1.3–1.5(–2) mm, apex usually obtuse, rarely acute to bluntly rounded, pubescent; keel 3 mm, crest 2-parted, with 4 lobes on each side, pubescent. |
Capsules | oblong to ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.7–1.1 mm, margins not winged. |
ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong, 1.5–3 × 1.3–1.6 mm, margins not winged. |
Seeds | 1–1.2 mm, pubescent; aril 0.1(–0.2) mm, lobes less than 1/8 length of seed. |
2–2.5 mm, pubescent; aril 0.8–1.5 mm, lobes to (1/5–)1/3–3/4 length of seed. |
2n | = 24, ca. 36, 52–54. |
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Polygala appendiculata |
Polygala alba |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Flowering spring–summer. |
Habitat | Savannas, pastures, bogs, open pine woods, pond margins. | Grasslands, scrub, chaparral, open dry woods, open disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–100 m. (0–300 ft.) | 200–2000(–2600) m. (700–6600(–8500) ft.) |
Distribution |
FL; LA; MS; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Campeche, México, Michoacán, Tabasco, Veracruz); West Indies
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AZ; CO; IA; KS; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; SD; TX; WY; SK; Mexico (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Guanajuato, Jalisco, México, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
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Discussion | Polygala appendiculata is part of a widespread complex in Latin America, potentially representing more than one evolutionary lineage. Even if found to be a single lineage, it is one with a complicated nomenclatural history (J. F. B. Pastore 2013). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Leaves of Polygala alba have abaxially embedded, linear to round, punctate glands, which are obscure in dried material but white and waxy when rehydrated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 10. | FNA vol. 10. |
Parent taxa | Polygalaceae > Polygala | Polygalaceae > Polygala |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. leptocaulis | |
Name authority | Vellozo: Fl. Flumin., 292. (1829): plate 66. (1831) | Nuttall: Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 87. (1818) |
Web links |