Flora of North America species comparison

2–5 cm, commonly branching by innovations, frequently dendroid.

3–12 cm, erect, mostly simple.

2.5–6 mm, densely imbricate and crowded toward the stem and branch tips, erect-appressed and somewhat incurved when dry, reflexed and widely spreading when moist, gradually to rather abruptly contracted to the blade, the hinge-cells sharply differentiated;

sheath ovate to obovate, hyaline-margined on the flanks, with a wedge of incrassate hinge cells at the shoulders and extending a short distance up the blade margin;

blade broadly oblong-lanceolate to narrowly linear-lanceolate, only slightly concave, toothed from apex almost to the shoulders, or sometimes subentire;

costa percurrent or slightly excurrent as a subulate, serrate to smooth point, smooth abaxially or sparingly toothed towards the tip;

lamellae 30–46, entire in profile, 4–7 cells high, the marginal cells enlarged, thick-walled and coarsely papillose, in section rounded to elliptical, broader than high, the distal wall broadly convex, the lumen rounded pentagonal;

sheath cells short-rectangular to ± isodiametric approaching the blade;

cells on abaxial surface of blade 24–27 µm, irregularly quadrate, ± isodiametric, thick-walled, the transverse walls often thicker.

5–9 mm, strongly crisped and contorted when dry, plane and broadly spreading when moist, loosely sheathing at base, linear-lanceolate, ending in a short spine;

sheath not strongly differentiated, with gradually sloping shoulders, toothed nearly to the base with small sharp teeth oriented at right angles to the margin, hinge-tissue not differentiated;

margins of blade thickened, (1–)2-stratose, coarsely serrate, scalloped, the serrations ending in a sharp-pointed, narrowly conical, reddish orange tooth cell;

marginal lamina 1-stratose, to 6 cells wide;

costa smooth adaxially or sharply toothed at the extreme tip;

lamellae 40–48, entire in profile, 2–5 cells high, the marginal cells in section slightly larger but otherwise undifferentiated, thin-walled, smooth;

sheath cells short rectangular;

cells of the abaxial surface of blade 24–27 µm wide, irregularly quadrate to hexagonal, transversely elongate, firm-walled, with distinct corner thickenings, and a narrow median strip of cells short-rectangular and longitudinally elongate.

1–4 cm, typically one per perichaetium but several per plant at the tips of branches.

3–5 cm.

2–3 mm, short-cylindric to ovate-cylindric, erect to inclined, light brown to reddish brown to blackish with age;

exothecium mammillose, densely areolate, the cells rounded quadrate, incrassate, with slit-like pits in the outer wall;

peristome 300–350 µm, divided to 0.6, the teeth rather broad, reddish brown with hyaline margins.

2–3.5 mm, reddish brown to blackish brown, sometimes with 4 or more indistinct angles or ridges, erect to slightly inclined and asymmetric;

exothecium finely scabrous, the cells distinctly papillate;

peristome 300–350 µm, divided to 0.6, dark reddish orange with hyaline margins.

10–18 µm.

8–13 um.