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Pennsylvania pogonatum moss

pogonatum moss

Habit Plants small, dull and brownish, scattered on a bright green protonema. Plants small, scattered on a deep-green, persistent protonema, dull green to red-brown with age.
Stems

0.2–0.6 cm.

0.2–0.3 cm.

Leaves

2–4 mm, when dry loosely sheathing at the base, the blade narrow, curved and often hooked at the tips, erect-spreading and almost straight when moist;

sheath oblong to oblong-ovate, in leaves near the base of the shoot abruptly contracted to the blade, in distal leaves more gradually tapering, not hyaline-margined, with a narrow strip of incrassate cells at the shoulders;

blade narrowly lanceolate to linear, slenderly acuminate, ending in a short point;

marginal lamina ± plane, variable in width, 1-stratose, irregularly notched-dentate or at times almost entire;

costa smooth or weakly toothed abaxially near the tip;

lamellae 11–16, entire in profile, 4–8 cells high, the marginal cells larger and rounded in section, single or in pairs, smooth;

sheath cells short-rectangular;

cells of lamina 10–12 µm, subquadrate to irregular.

1.5–3 mm, incurved at the tips when dry, erect-spreading when moist, gradually tapering to the blade;

sheath oblong, entire, not hyaline-margined, the zone of incrassate hinge-cells at the shoulders not sharply defined;

blade lanceolate, broadly and bluntly pointed, appearing turgid and fleshy, entire;

marginal lamina erect, narrow, 1-stratose;

costa ending in the tip, smooth abaxially;

lamellae 25–40, entire in profile, 7–12 cells high, the marginal cells in section rounded, often thicker-walled, smooth;

sheath cells short-rectangular;

cells on the abaxial surface of blade 14–17 µm wide, thick-walled, longitudinally elongate in the median portion, subquadrate to either side.

Seta

1–3.5 cm, reddish.

(0.5–)1.5–2.5 cm, reddish, often twisted below the capsule.

Capsule

2.5–4 mm, erect or nearly so, sometimes indistinctly angled;

exothecium scabrous, the cells short-rectangular, thick-walled;

operculum obliquely rostrate;

peristome 190–220 µm, divided to 0.8.

2–2.5 mm, ± asymmetric, suberect to inclined to almost horizontal;

operculum with a convex base and a short, rather blunt beak;

exothecium mammillose, the cells short-rectangular, thick-walled;

peristome to 300 µm, deeply divided almost to the capsule rim, the teeth reddish with hyaline margins.

Spores

9–12 µm.

13–18 µm.

Pogonatum pensilvanicum

Pogonatum brachyphyllum

Habitat Pioneer on steep banks of moist clay or silt Bare sandy or clayey soil on banks of ditches or streams, usually in open situations
Elevation low to moderate elevations low to moderate elevations
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; ME; MO; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; Mexico; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; SC; TN; TX; VA
Discussion

Pogonatum pensilvanicum is widespread in eastern North America. It differs from P. brachyphyllum by the more slender, membranous leaves with irregularly dentate margins and fewer lamellae. The marginal cells of the lamellae are typically in pairs, and they may “bulge out and proliferate, giving rise to masses of what apparently are gemmae” (G. E. Nichols 1937). The calyptra is dirty white and stands out in contrast to the bright emerald-green protonema. When taken up, the texture of the protonemal mat is firm and often quite rubbery. Specimens with more regularly dentate leaf margins are sometimes distinguished as var. torreyanum (Bridel) Paris. Pogonatum pensilvanicum has been reported from South America.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pogonatum brachyphyllum is endemic to eastern North America, and it has a more southerly distribution than P. pensilvanicum. The leaves of P. brachyphyllum are entire, short and broad, and appear succulent because of tall, closely packed lamellae. The calyptra is yellowish to reddish brown, contrasting with the rich, green protonemal mat.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 27, p. 157. FNA vol. 27, p. 157.
Parent taxa Polytrichaceae > Pogonatum Polytrichaceae > Pogonatum
Sibling taxa
P. brachyphyllum, P. contortum, P. dentatum, P. urnigerum
P. contortum, P. dentatum, P. pensilvanicum, P. urnigerum
Synonyms Polytrichum pensilvanicum, P. brevicaule, P. tenue Polytrichum brachyphyllum
Name authority (Hedwig) P. Beauvois: Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 461. (1823) (Michaux) P. Beauvois: Prodr. Aethéogam., 84. (1805)
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