Poa cuspidata |
Poa alpina |
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early bluegrass |
alpine blue grass |
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Habit | Plants perennial; loosely tufted or with solitary shoots, shortly rhizomatous. | Plants perennial; not glaucous; densely cespitose, not rhizomatous, not stoloniferous. | ||||
Culms | 15-60 cm, erect or the bases decumbent, not branching above the base, terete or weakly compressed; nodes terete, 0-1 exserted. |
10-40 cm. |
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Sheaths | closed for about 1/2 their length, slightly compressed, distinctly keeled, glabrous, bases of basal sheaths glabrous, distal sheath lengths 4-60 times blade lengths; collars of proximal leaves usually retrorsely scabrous or pubescent distally and about the throat; ligules 0.5-4 mm, smooth or scabrous, apices truncate to acute; innovation blades similar to the cauline blades; cauline blades 1-4 mm wide, usually flat, sometimes slightly folded, smooth or sparsely scabrous, primarily over the veins, apices broadly prow-shaped, blades steeply reduced in length distally, flag leaf blades 0.2-3(6) cm. |
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Basal branching | mainly extravaginal. |
intravaginal. |
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Leaves | mostly basal; sheaths closed for 1/8 – 2/7 their length, terete, basal sheaths persistent, overlapping, bases usually not swollen; ligules of innovations 1-2(3) mm, those of the upper cauline leaves to 4(5) mm, milky white, smooth, glabrous, obtuse; blades of innovations widely spreading, persisting through the season, blades of cauline leaves 1-5(12) cm long, 2-4.5 mm wide, flat, moderately thick, soft, straight, smooth or the margins sparsely scabrous, apices broadly prow-shaped, blades of upper cauline leaves much reduced in length. |
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Panicles | 5-15 cm, erect or lax, pyramidal, open, sparse, with 20-80 spikelets, proximal internodes usually 3+ cm; nodes usually with 2 branches; branches (2)3-7(10) cm, spreading to reflexed, straight, angled, angles scabrous, with 2-8(10) spikelets. |
2-6(8) cm, erect, ovoid to pyramidal, open or loosely contracted at maturity, fairly congested; nodes with 1-2 branches, lowest internodes 0.6-1(1.5) cm; branches 1-3(4) cm, ascending to spreading, straight, terete, usually smooth or sparsely scabrous, rarely moderately densely scabrous; pedicels divaricate, shorter than the spikelets. |
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Spikelets | 5-8 mm, lengths to 3.5 times widths, laterally compressed, not sexually dimorphic; florets 2-5; rachilla internodes smooth. |
3.9-6.2 mm, ovate, lengths 1.5-2.5 times widths, laterally compressed, plump, sometimes bulbiferous; florets 3-7, usually normal; rachilla internodes 0.5-0.8 mm, smooth, glabrous or sparsely softly puberulent to short-villous. |
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Glumes | narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, distinctly keeled; lower glumes 1-3-veined; calluses webbed, hairs over 1/3 the lemma length; lemmas 3-6 mm, lanceolate, distinctly keeled, keels and marginal veins sparsely short- to long-villous, lateral veins moderately prominent, intercostal regions glabrous or the upper florets in the spikelets softly puberulent, margins glabrous, apices acute; palea keels scabrous, softly puberulent at midlength; anthers vestigial (0.1-0.2 mm) or 2-3.5 mm. |
broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, keeled, keels sparsely scabrous; lower glumes 3-veined; upper glumes shorter than or subequal to the lowest lemmas; calluses glabrous; lemmas 3-5 mm, broadly lanceolate, keeled, keels and marginal veins short- to long-villous, lateral veins moderately prominent, intercostal regions sparsely to moderately short-villous, apices acute; palea keels softly puberulent to short-villous over most of their length, apices scabrous; anthers 1.3-2.3 mm. |
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2n | = 28. |
= 22, 23, 24,25, 26, 27, 28, 28+11, 30, 31, 32, 32+1, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40+1, 41, 42, ca. 43, 44, 46, ca. 48, 56. |
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Poa cuspidata |
Poa alpina |
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Distribution |
AL; DC; DE; GA; IN; KY; LA; MD; NC; NJ; NY; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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AK; CO; ID; MI; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
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Discussion | Poa cuspidata is a common species of forest openings in the Appalachian Mountains. It is an eastern counterpart of P. arnowiae (see previous), P. tracyi (p. 543), and P. nervosa (see next). Like those species, it is sequentially gynomonoecious. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Poa alpina is a fairly common circumboreal forest species of subalpine to arctic habitats, extending south in the Rocky Mountains to Utah and Colorado in the west, and to the northern Great Lakes region in the east. It often grows in disturbed ground and is calciphilic. Poa xgaspensis (p. 601) is a natural hybrid which seems to be between P. alpina and P. pratensis subsp. alpigena (p. 525); it differs from P. alpina in its extravaginal branching, rhizomatous habit, and webbed calluses. The range of chromosome numbers suggests that P. alpina is predominantly apomictic. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 24, p. 545. | FNA vol. 24. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Madropoa > subsect. Poa | Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Alpinae | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | Nutt. | L. | ||||
Web links |
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