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Cusick's bluegrass

bluegrass

Habit Plants perennial; usually densely tufted, rarely moderately densely tufted, usually neither rhizomatous nor stoloniferous, infrequently short-rhizomatous or stoloniferous, rarely with distinct rhizomes. Plants perennial; densely tufted, not stoloniferous, not rhizomatous.
Culms

10-60(70) cm tall, 0.5-1.8 mm thick, erect or the bases decumbent, terete or weakly compressed;

nodes terete, 0-2 exserted.

10-35 cm, erect or the bases decumbent;

nodes terete, 0-1 exserted.

Sheaths

closed for 1/4-3/4 their length, terete, smooth or scabrous, glabrous, bases of basal sheaths glabrous, distal sheath lengths 1.6-10 times blade lengths;

collars smooth or scabrous, glabrous;

ligules of cauline leaves 1-3(6) mm, smooth or scabrous, truncate to acute, ligules of the innovation leaves 0.2-0.5(2.5) mm, scabrous, usually truncate;

innovation blades sometimes distinctly different from the cauline blades, 0.5-2 mm wide, involute, moderately thick, moderately firm, adaxial surfaces usually densely scabrous or hispidulous to softly puberulent, infrequently nearly smooth and glabrous;

cauline blades subequal or the midcauline blades longest or the blades gradually reduced in length distally, 0.5-3 mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, usually thin, usually withering, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, apices narrowly to broadly prow-shaped, flag leaf blades 0.5-5(6) cm.

closed for 1/4-3/4 their length, terete, apices acuminate;

innovation blades 0.5-1(2) mm wide, involute, moderately thick, moderately firm, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, adaxial surfaces usually densely scabrous or hispidulous;

cauline blades usually gradually reduced distally, 0.5-1(2) mm wide, flat, folded, or involute, thin, sometimes withering, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous, apices narrowly prow-shaped, sometimes the flag leaf blades vestigial.

Basal branching

intravaginal or intra- and extravaginal.

intra-vaginal.

Panicles

2-10(12) cm, usually erect, contracted or loosely contracted, narrowly lanceoloid to ovoid, congested or moderately congested, with 10-100 spikelets and 1-3(5) branches per node;

branches 0.5-4(5) cm, erect or steeply ascending, fairly straight, slender to stout, terete to angled, smooth or scabrous, with 1-15 spikelets.

2-8 cm, erect, narrowly lanceoloid to ovoid, contracted, congested;

nodes with 1-2 branches;

branches 0.5-3 cm, erect, terete to angled, scabrous.

Spikelets

(3)4-10 mm, lengths to 3 times widths, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, laterally compressed, not sexually dimorphic;

florets 2-6;

rachilla internodes 0.5-1.2 mm, smooth or scabrous.

4-8 mm, lengths to 3 times widths, broadly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, laterally compressed, not sexually dimorphic;

florets 2-5;

rachilla internodes 0.5-1.2 mm, smooth or scabrous.

Glumes

lanceolate, distinctly keeled;

lower glumes 3-veined, distinctly shorter than the lowest lemmas;

calluses glabrous or diffusely webbed, hairs less than 1/4 the lemma length;

lemmas (3)4-7 mm, lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, distinctly keeled, membranous to thinly membranous, smooth or sparsely to densely scabrous, glabrous or the keels and/or marginal veins puberulent proximally, lateral veins obscure to prominent, margins glabrous, apices acute;

palea keels scabrous, intercostal regions glabrous;

anthers vestigial (0.1-0.2 mm), aborted late in development, or 2-3.5 mm.

lanceolate, distinctly keeled;

lower glumes 3-veined, distinctly shorter than the lowest lemmas;

calluses glabrous;

lemmas 4-7 mm, lanceolate, distinctly keeled, membranous, keels and marginal veins usually softly puberulent, sometimes short-villous, intercostal regions usually glabrous, infrequently softly puberulent proximally, lateral veins moderately prominent, margins glabrous, apices acute;

palea keels scabrous;

anthers mostly vestigial (0.1-0.2 mm), rarely 2-3 mm.

2n

= 28, 28+11, 56, 56+11, 59, ca. 70.

= unknown.

Poa cusickii

Poa ×nematophylla

Distribution
from FNA
CA; CO; ID; MT; ND; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; YT
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CO; ID; MT; ND; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Poa cusickii grows in rich meadows in sagebrush scrub to rocky alpine slopes, from the southwestern Yukon Territory to Manitoba and North Dakota, south to central California and eastern Colorado. It is gynodioecious or dioecious.

Sexually reproducing plants of Poa cusickii subspp. cusickii and pallida grow in different geographic areas, but pistillate plants of these two subspecies have overlapping ranges. Only pistillate plants are known in Poa cusickii subspp. epilis and purpurascens. All the alpine plants studied were pistillate.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Poa ×nematophylla is believed to consists of hybrids between P. cusickii subsp. pallida (see previous) and P. fendleriana (p. 556). It is mostly pistillate and apomictic; few staminate plants have been found. It usually resembles P. cusickii most, but grades towards P. fendleriana. It tends to grow on drier slopes than either parent, mainly in and around sagebrush desert/forest interfaces.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Panicle branches smooth or slightly scabrous, or the basal blades more than 1.5 mm wide and flat or folded; cauline blades more than 1.5 mm wide, often flat; some basal branching extravaginal; lemmas and calluses sometimes sparsely puberulent.
→ 2
2. Lemmas usually glabrous, rarely plants from the Rocky Mountains with puberulent keels and marginal veins; calluses glabrous; panicles erect, usually contracted; branches smooth to slightly scabrous
subsp. epilis
2. Lemmas rarely completely glabrous, at least some florets v/ith sparsely puberulent keels, the marginal veins glabrous or puberulent; calluses frequendy with a sparse, short web; panicles somewhat lax and loosely contracted; branches smooth or sparsely to moderately scabrous
subsp. purpurascens
1. Panicle branches moderately to strongly scabrous; basal and cauline blades usually less than 1.5 mm wide, involute, rarely flat or folded; basal branching intravaginal; lemmas and calluses glabrous.
→ 3
3. Panicle branches longer than 1.7 cm in at least some panicles; panicles open or contracted
subsp. cusickii
3. Panicle branches up to 1.7 cm long, stout; panicles contracted
subsp. pallida
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 559. FNA vol. 24, p. 562.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Madropoa > subsect. Epiles Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Madropoa > subsect. Epiles
Sibling taxa
P. abbreviata, P. alpina, P. alsodes, P. ammophila, P. annua, P. arachnifera, P. arctica, P. arida, P. arnowiae, P. atropurpurea, P. autumnalis, P. bigelovii, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chaixii, P. chambersii, P. chapmaniana, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. curtifolia, P. cuspidata, P. diaboli, P. douglasii, P. eminens, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. hartzii, P. howellii, P. infirma, P. interior, P. keckii, P. kelloggii, P. laxa, P. laxa × glauca, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. macrocalyx, P. marcida, P. napensis, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. occidentalis, P. paludigena, P. palustris, P. paucispicula, P. piperi, P. porsildii, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. pseudoabbreviata, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. saltuensis, P. secunda, P. sierrae, P. stebbinsii, P. stenantha, P. strictiramea, P. sublanata, P. suksdorfii, P. supina, P. sylvestris, P. tenerrima, P. tracyi, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wheeleri, P. wolfii, P. ×gaspensis, P. ×limosa, P. ×nematophylla
P. abbreviata, P. alpina, P. alsodes, P. ammophila, P. annua, P. arachnifera, P. arctica, P. arida, P. arnowiae, P. atropurpurea, P. autumnalis, P. bigelovii, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chaixii, P. chambersii, P. chapmaniana, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. curtifolia, P. cusickii, P. cuspidata, P. diaboli, P. douglasii, P. eminens, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. hartzii, P. howellii, P. infirma, P. interior, P. keckii, P. kelloggii, P. laxa, P. laxa × glauca, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. macrocalyx, P. marcida, P. napensis, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. occidentalis, P. paludigena, P. palustris, P. paucispicula, P. piperi, P. porsildii, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. pseudoabbreviata, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. saltuensis, P. secunda, P. sierrae, P. stebbinsii, P. stenantha, P. strictiramea, P. sublanata, P. suksdorfii, P. supina, P. sylvestris, P. tenerrima, P. tracyi, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wheeleri, P. wolfii, P. ×gaspensis, P. ×limosa
Subordinate taxa
P. cusickii subsp. cusickii, P. cusickii subsp. epilis, P. cusickii subsp. pallida, P. cusickii subsp. purpurascens
Synonyms P. cusickii subsp. pubens
Name authority Vasey Rydb.
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