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annual blue grass

Hartz's bluegrass

Habit Plants usually annual, rarely surviving for a second season; not rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous, densely tufted. Plants perennial; not glaucous; densely to loosely tufted, not rhizomatous,occasionally weakly stoloniferous.
Culms

2-20(45) cm, prostrate to erect, slender;

nodes terete, usually 1 exserted.

10-33(45) cm, usually decumbent, terete;

nodes terete, 0(1) exserted.

Sheaths

closed for about 1/3 their length, terete or weakly compressed, smooth;

ligules 0.5-3(5) mm, smooth, glabrous, decurrent, obtuse to truncate;

blades 1-10 cm long, 1-3(6) mm wide, flat or weakly folded, thin, soft, smooth, margins usually slightly scabrous, apices broadly prow-shaped.

closed for 1/7 – 1/5(1/3) their length, terete, usually lustrous, bases of basal sheaths glabrous;

ligules (1.5)2-7 mm, smooth or sparsely scabrous, margins usually decurrent, apices obtuse to acuminate;

innovation blades similar in texture and shape to those of the culms;

cauline blades 2-9 cm, gradually increasing or decreasing in length upwards, 1.5-3 mm wide, folded to involute, moderately thick, soft, abaxial surfaces smooth, adaxial surfaces smooth or somewhat scabrous, usually glabrous, infrequently sparsely hispidulous, apices narrowly prow-shaped.

Basal branching

intravaginal, innovations common, similar to the culms.

extra- and intravaginal.

Panicles

1-7(10) cm, lengths 1.2-1.6 times widths, erect;

nodes with 1-2(3) branches;

branches ascending to spreading or reflexed, straight, terete, smooth, with crowded or loosely arranged spikelets.

2.5-6(12) cm, erect, narrowly lanceolate, contracted or narrowly ovate in some bulbiferous plants, moderately congested, with 7-40 spikelets;

nodes with (1)2(4) branches;

branches 1-3 cm, erect to ascending, straight, sulcate, smooth or sparsely to moderately scabrous, with 1-10 spikelets in the distal 1/3 – 2/3.

Spikelets

3-5 mm, laterally compressed;

florets 2-6;

rachilla internodes smooth, glabrous, concealed or exposed, distal internodes less than 1/2(3/4) the length of the distal lemma.

4.8-7.4 mm, lengths 3.5-4 times widths, lanceolate, weakly laterally compressed, sometimes bulbiferous, lustrous;

florets (2)3-5(6), normal or bulb-forming;

rachilla internodes 0.8-2 mm, smooth, sometimes sparsely hispidulous.

Glumes

smooth, distinctly keeled, keels smooth;

lower glumes 1-veined;

upper glumes shorter than or subequal to the lowest lemma;

calluses glabrous;

lemmas 2.5-4 mm, lanceolate, distinctly keeled, smooth throughout, the keels, marginal veins, and, usually, lateral veins crisply puberulent to long-villous, rarely glabrous throughout, lateral veins prominent, intercostal regions glabrous, margins smooth, glabrous, apices obtuse to acute;

palea keels smooth, usually short- to long-villous, rarely glabrous;

anthers 0.6-1.1 mm, oblong prior to dehiscence, those of the upper 1-2 florets usually vestigial.

mostly broadly scarious, somewhat lustrous, keels indistinct, smooth or sparsely scabrous distally;

lower glumes 3-veined;

upper glumes frequently exceeding the lowest lemmas;

calluses glabrous or with a crown of hairs, hairs to 2 mm;

lemmas (3.3)3.5-7 mm, lanceolate, usually weakly keeled, more or less evenly and somewhat loosely to densely hairy over the proximal 1/3-1/2, hairs usually longer than 0.5 mm, sparsely scabrous in the middle 1/3, smooth distally, lateral veins obscure, margins weakly inrolled, broadly scarious, glabrous, apices long-scarious, acute to shortly obtuse, often erose, often bronze-colored below the apices;

palea keels sparsely scabrous, softly puberulent at midlength, intercostal regions softly puberulent;

anthers usually all aborted late in development and 0.8-1.8 mm, infrequently well developed and 2-2.8 mm.

2n

= 28.

= 63, 70.

Poa annua

Poa hartzii

Distribution
from FNA
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; HI; PR; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Greenland
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; NT; NU; QC; Greenland
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Poa annua is one of the world's most widespread weeds. It thrives in anthropomorphic habitats outside of the arctic. A native of Eurasia, it is now well established throughout most of the Flora region.

Poa annua is a gynomonoecious tetraploid (possibly rarely polyhaploid), and is thought to have arisen from hybridization between P. infirma (see next) and P. supina (p. 521) (Tutin 1952). It is similar to P. infirma, differing in having larger anthers. It differs from P. chapmaniana (p. 534) in having glabrous calluses and three larger anthers, rather than one. Forms with glabrous lemmas occur sporadically within populations.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Poa hartzii grows only in the high arctic. It generally grows on open ground, on sandy or clayey soils, or on slumping slopes of old marine terraces. It carries two chloroplast genomes within its populations; one of these links it to P. secunda (p. 586) and P. ammophila (see next), the other to P. glauca (p. 576). Morphologically, it is closest to P. secunda and P. ammophila.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Spikelets bulbiferous
subsp. vrangelica
1. Spikelets not bulbiferous.
→ 2
2. Lemmas 5.5-7 mm long; anthers well developed, 2-2.8 mm long
subsp. alaskana
2. Lemmas 3.3-5.4 mm long; anthers usually aborted and shorter than 1.5 mm
subsp. hartzii
Source FNA vol. 24, p. 519. FNA vol. 24, p. 589.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Micrantherae Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Poeae > Poa > subg. Poa > sect. Secundae > subsect. Secundae
Sibling taxa
P. abbreviata, P. alpina, P. alsodes, P. ammophila, P. arachnifera, P. arctica, P. arida, P. arnowiae, P. atropurpurea, P. autumnalis, P. bigelovii, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chaixii, P. chambersii, P. chapmaniana, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. curtifolia, P. cusickii, P. cuspidata, P. diaboli, P. douglasii, P. eminens, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. hartzii, P. howellii, P. infirma, P. interior, P. keckii, P. kelloggii, P. laxa, P. laxa × glauca, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. macrocalyx, P. marcida, P. napensis, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. occidentalis, P. paludigena, P. palustris, P. paucispicula, P. piperi, P. porsildii, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. pseudoabbreviata, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. saltuensis, P. secunda, P. sierrae, P. stebbinsii, P. stenantha, P. strictiramea, P. sublanata, P. suksdorfii, P. supina, P. sylvestris, P. tenerrima, P. tracyi, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wheeleri, P. wolfii, P. ×gaspensis, P. ×limosa, P. ×nematophylla
P. abbreviata, P. alpina, P. alsodes, P. ammophila, P. annua, P. arachnifera, P. arctica, P. arida, P. arnowiae, P. atropurpurea, P. autumnalis, P. bigelovii, P. bolanderi, P. bulbosa, P. chaixii, P. chambersii, P. chapmaniana, P. compressa, P. confinis, P. curtifolia, P. cusickii, P. cuspidata, P. diaboli, P. douglasii, P. eminens, P. fendleriana, P. glauca, P. howellii, P. infirma, P. interior, P. keckii, P. kelloggii, P. laxa, P. laxa × glauca, P. laxiflora, P. leibergii, P. leptocoma, P. lettermanii, P. macrantha, P. macrocalyx, P. marcida, P. napensis, P. nemoralis, P. nervosa, P. occidentalis, P. paludigena, P. palustris, P. paucispicula, P. piperi, P. porsildii, P. pratensis, P. pringlei, P. pseudoabbreviata, P. reflexa, P. rhizomata, P. saltuensis, P. secunda, P. sierrae, P. stebbinsii, P. stenantha, P. strictiramea, P. sublanata, P. suksdorfii, P. supina, P. sylvestris, P. tenerrima, P. tracyi, P. trivialis, P. unilateralis, P. wheeleri, P. wolfii, P. ×gaspensis, P. ×limosa, P. ×nematophylla
Subordinate taxa
P. hartzii subsp. alaskana, P. hartzii subsp. hartzii, P. hartzii subsp. vrangelica
Synonyms P. annua var. reptans, P. annua var. aquatica
Name authority L. Gand.
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