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Cape leadwort

leadwort

Habit Plants evergreen shrubs. Plants perennial shrubs or suffrutescent herbs; roots not known.
Stems

erect, trailing, or climbing, diffusely branched, to 3+ m, glabrous or pubescent on youngest shoots.

erect, prostrate, or climbing, ribbed.

Leaves

usually sessile, sometimes short-petiolate;

blade elliptic, oblanceolate, or spatulate, (1–)2.5–9 × 0.5–2.5 cm, base usually long-attenuate, sometimes auriculate, apex acute or obtuse, mucronate.

cauline, sessile or short-petiolate (petiole usually less than 1.5 cm);

blade elliptic to oblanceolate or spatulate, base narrowed, margins entire, apex acute, acuminate, or obtuse, membranaceous.

Inflorescences

2.5–3(–5) cm, rachises short-pilose (hairs ca. 0.1 mm), eglandular;

floral bracts lanceolate, 3–9 × 1–2 mm.

terminal or axillary spikelike racemes or panicles.

Pedicels

2-bracteolate, short.

Flowers

3-stylous;

calyx 10–13 mm, tube usually short-pilose and with stalked, capitate, glandlike protuberances ca. 1 mm along distal 1/2–3/4 of ribs;

corolla pale blue, 37–53 mm, tube 28–40 mm (more than 2 times length of calyx), lobes 10–16 × 6–15 mm;

stamens included or exserted.

sometimes heterostylous, short-pedicellate;

bracts absent;

calyx persistent, 5-ribbed, tubular, with stalked, capitate-glandular protuberances along ribs;

lobes triangular, 1–2 mm;

corolla salverform, evenly to somewhat unevenly 5-lobed, lobes spreading, obovate, round, or truncate, mucronate;

stamens included or exserted, free from corolla;

style 1 included or exserted;

stigmas 5, linear.

Fruits

capsules, included, brownish, long-beaked;

valves coherent at apex.

Capsules

8 mm.

Seeds

brown, 7 mm.

x

= 7.

2n

= 14 + 0–1B.

Plumbago auriculata

Plumbago

Phenology Flowering year-round.
Habitat Hummocks, thickets, disturbed sites in dry soil
Elevation 0-50 m (0-200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
FL; s Africa [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
North America; Central America; South America; Tropical and subtropical regions; Europe; Asia; Africa
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Plumbago auriculata is frequently cultivated in Mediterranean-type warmer climates, especially in California, Arizona, and Texas.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

species 12 (2 in the flora)

Several species of Plumbago are cultivated, including P. auriculata. The entire plant of that species, especially the root, contains plumbagin, a toxic naphthoquinone derivative (oil of plumbago), which may cause severe skin irritation or blistering in humans and may also be toxic to other animals (T. C. Fuller and E. McClintock 1986).

The remarkable glands on the calyces of Plumbago are often called “glandular hairs,” but they are not true hairs, being much more massive and multicellular structures with enlarged, capitate apices.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas pale blue, tube 2 or more times length of calyx; calyces with stipitate, glandlike protuberances and hairs; inflorescences compact, 2.5-3(-5) cm; plants cultivated and locally naturalized in Florida
P. auriculata
1. Corollas white, tube mostly less than 2 times length of calyx; calyces with stipitate, glandlike protuberances, true hairs absent; inflorescences elongate, 3-15(-30) cm; plants native
P. zeylanica
Source FNA vol. 5, p. 611. FNA vol. 5, p. 610. Author: Alan R. Smith.
Parent taxa Plumbaginaceae > Plumbago Plumbaginaceae
Sibling taxa
P. zeylanica
Subordinate taxa
P. auriculata, P. zeylanica
Synonyms P. capensis
Name authority Lamarck: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 2: 270. (1786) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 151. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 75. (1754)
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