Flora of North America species comparison

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Pleuropogon hooverianus

Pleuropogon

Hoover's semaphoregrass, north coast semaphore grass

pleuropogon, semaphore grass
Habit Plants perennial; not cespitose, rhizomatous. Plants annual or perennial; cespitose or rhizomatous.
Culms

1-1.6 m, erect.

5-160 cm, erect or geniculate at the base, glabrous;

basal branching extravaginal.
Sheaths

glabrous, retrorsely scabridulous;

ligules 3-6.5 mm;

blades 3-30 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, apices acute to acuminate, mucronate, flag leaves often with reduced spinose blades.

closed almost to the top;

ligules membranous;

blades flat to folded, adaxial surfaces with prominent midribs.
Racemes

21-33 cm, with 7-10 spikelets;

internodes 1.8-8 cm;

pedicels 1.5-5 mm, erect or ascending, rarely reflexed.

Inflorescences

terminal, racemes, rarely panicles.
Spikelets

28-42 mm, erect or ascending, with 9-16 florets, usually all but the terminal floret bisexual.

laterally compressed, with 5-20(30) florets, upper florets reduced;

disarticulation above the glumes and beneath the florets.
Glumes

unequal to subequal, shorter than the adjacent lemmas, membranous to subhyaline, margins scarious;

lower glumes 1-veined;

upper glumes 1-3-veined;

rachilla internodes in some species swollen and glandular basally, the glandular portion turning whitish when dry;

calluses rounded, glabrous;

lemmas thick, herbaceous to membranous, 7(9)-veined, veins parallel, margins scarious, apices scarious, entire or emarginate, midvein sometimes extended into an awn, awns straight;

paleas subequal to the lemmas, 2-veined, keeled over each vein, keels winged, with 1 or 2 awns or a flat triangular appendage;

lodicules 2, completely fused;

anthers 3, opening by pores;

ovaries glabrous, x = 8, 9, 10.
Caryopses

3.5-4 mm.

Lower

glumes 3-5.6 mm;

upper glumes 4.5-7.2 mm, 1-3-veined;

rachilla internodes 2-3 mm long, about 0.4 mm thick, basal 1/2 developing into a glandular swelling;

lemmas 8-9 mm, 7-veined, lateral veins strongly ribbed, apices toothed, usually rounded, rarely acute or erose, awned, awns 0.2-4 mm;

paleal keels unawned, each with a 0.6-1.5 mm triangular appendage;

anthers 4-4.8 mm.

2n

=16, 36.

Pleuropogon hooverianus

Pleuropogon
Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; CA; OR; WA; BC; NF; NU; ON; QC; Greenland
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pleuropogon hooverianus grows in wet and marshy areas, usually in shady locations. Several of the populations are around redwood groves. It is known only from Mendocino, Sonoma, and Marin counties in California. It is listed as rare by the state of California.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Pleuropogon is a genus of five hydrophilous species, one circumboreal in the arctic, the other four restricted to the Pacific coast of North America, extending from southern British Columbia to central California. The Pacific coast species are sometimes treated as a separate genus, Lophochlaena Nees, but are here regarded as constituting a subgenus of Pleuropogon.

The flat, triangular paleal appendages differ from bristly or flattened awns in being wider at the base, and smooth rather than scabrous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Paleal keels each with 2 awns, the lower awn 1-3 mm long, the upper awn 0.3-1 mm long: lemmas 3.5-5 mm long; plants of the arctic (subg. Pleuropogon)
P. sabinei
1. Paleal keels each with 1 awn 3-9 mm long, or a triangular appendage; lemmas 4.5-10 mm long; plants of the Pacific Northwest and California (subg. Lophochlaena).
→ 2
2. Lowest lemma in each spikelet 4.5-7.5 mm long; culms 15-95 cm tall; caryopses 2.5-3.1 mm long.
→ 3
3. Paleal keels unawned, with a triangular appendage; rhizomes absent or poorly developed; rachilla internodes with a glandular swelling at the base
P. californicus
3. Paleal keels with an awn 3-9 mm long, without a triangular appendage; rhizomes strongly developed; rachilla internodes without a glandular swelling at the base
P. oregonus
2. Lowest lemma in each spikelet 8-10 mm ong; culms mostly 100-160 cm tall; caryopses 3.5-6 mm long.
→ 4
4. Lemma awns 0.2-4 mm long; pedicels usually erect, rarely reflexed, the spikelets erect or ascending at maturity
P. hooverianus
4. Lemma awns (5)9-20 mm long; pedicels reflexed, the spikelets pendent at maturity
P. refractus
Source FNA vol. 24. FNA vol. 24, p. 103. Author: Paul P.H. But;.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Meliceae > Pleuropogon Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Meliceae
Sibling taxa
P. californicus, P. oregonus, P. refractus, P. sabinei
Subordinate taxa
P. californicus, P. hooverianus, P. oregonus, P. refractus, P. sabinei
Name authority (L.D. Benson) J.T. Howell R. Br.
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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