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annual semaphoregrass, California semaphoregrass, semaphore grass

false semaphoregrass, pleuropogon de Sabine

Habit Plants annual or perennial; cespitose, with many innovations, not rhizomatous, or with poorly developed rhizomes. Plants perennial; not cespitose, rhizomatous.
Culms

15-95 cm, erect or geniculate at the base, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes;

nodes 3-6.

5-35 cm tall, 1-3 mm thick.

Sheaths

glabrous;

ligules 2-6 mm;

blades 3-29 cm long, 3-8 mm wide, adaxial surfaces slightly scabridulous.

glabrous;

ligules 1.5-3.5 mm;

blades 2-35(50) cm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, often floating, sometimes scabridulous on the midribs and margins, apices acute.

Racemes

8-35 cm, with 6-13 spikelets;

internodes 1-6 cm;

pedicels 1-5.5(9) mm, ascending to spreading.

2.8-10 cm, with 5-8 spikelets;

internodes 4-30 mm;

pedicels 1.5-3 mm long.

Spikelets

15-60 mm, ascending to spreading, with 7-20(30) florets, lower florets bisexual, upper florets pistillate, terminal florets sterile.

10-19 mm, with 5-12 florets, lower florets bisexual, upper florets pistillate.

Glumes

lanceolate to broadly ovate;

lower glumes 1-4.5 mm;

upper glumes 2-6.5 mm, 1-3-veined;

rachilla internodes 1-2.8 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm thick, with a glandular swelling at the base;

lemmas 4.5-7.5 mm, 7(9)-veined, veins distinct, often prominent, apices truncate or emarginate, unawned or awned, awns to 11 mm;

paleal keels scabridulous, each with a 0.5-2.5 mm triangular, winglike appendage, often denticulate beyond the appendage;

anthers 2.5-4 mm.

Caryopses

2.5-3.1 mm.

2.5-3 mm.

Lower

glumes 1-2.5 mm;

upper glumes 2-3.5 mm;

rachilla internodes 1-1.5(2) mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm thick, without glandular swellings;

lemmas 3.5-5 mm, 7(9)-veined, densely scabridulous, apices truncate to rounded, entire, emarginate, unawned or awned, awns 0.2-1 mm;

paleal keels scabridulous, winged, each with 2 awns, awns flattened, purple, scabridulous, lower awn 1-3 mm, upper awn 0.3-1 mm;

anthers about 2 mm, occasionally to 2.6 mm.

2n

= 40, 42.

Pleuropogon californicus

Pleuropogon sabinei

Distribution
from FNA
CA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; NF; NU; ON; QC; Greenland
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Pleuropogon sabinei grows in open, wet places, frequently partially submerged, around lakes, ponds, marshy areas, and riverbanks. Its range extends from eastern Siberia and the Altai Mountains to northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants annual or facultative perennials; lemmas usually with awns 5-11 mm long, rarely unawned; paleal appendages 0.5-2.5 mm long; spikelets 15-30 mm long
var. californicus
1. Plants perennial; lemmas unawned, sometimes mucronate, mucros to 1.5 mm long; paleal appendages 0.5-1 mm long; spikelets 25-60 mm long
var. davyi
Source FNA vol. 24. FNA vol. 24.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Meliceae > Pleuropogon Poaceae > subfam. Pooideae > tribe Meliceae > Pleuropogon
Sibling taxa
P. hooverianus, P. oregonus, P. refractus, P. sabinei
P. californicus, P. hooverianus, P. oregonus, P. refractus
Subordinate taxa
P. californicus var. californicus, P. californicus var. davyi
Name authority (Nees) Benth. ex Vasey R. Br.
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