Flora of North America species comparison

with branching angle narrow, branches easily detached;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids axillary, purplish and granular-papillose at least when young.

with branching angle wide, branches firmly attached;

pseudoparaphyllia foliose;

rhizoids below or at abaxial leaf insertion, red-brown, smooth.

erect-spreading or sometimes ± secund, 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm;

base not or somewhat narrowed to insertion;

margins serrulate, especially at insertion;

alar cells subquadrate, region of 3–7 cells;

distal laminal cells shortly oblong-rhomboid, 3–4:1.

erect-spreading, often subsecund, 0.2–0.5 mm;

base somewhat narrowed to insertion;

margins entire or nearly so;

alar cells subquadrate, region of 6–8+ cells;

distal laminal cells oblong-rhomboid, (2–)3–5:1.

0.6–1.1 cm.

0.7–1.2 cm.

dioicous;

perichaetial leaf margins ciliate-dentate distally.

autoicous;

perichaetial leaf margins entire.

erect, oblong-cylindric, symmetric or nearly so, 0.5–1 mm, contracted below mouth and at neck when dry, neck short;

stomata in neck;

annulus 2-seriate;

operculum convex-conic, stoutly mammillate to ± rostellate;

exostome teeth whitish yellow;

endostome cilia 1 or 2, rudimentary to well developed.

erect or nearly so, oblong-cylindric, symmetric, 1–1.5 mm, somewhat contracted at neck and sometimes below mouth when dry, neck short;

stomata in neck;

annulus 1-seriate;

operculum conic, obliquely short-pointed to rostellate;

exostome teeth yellow-brown;

endostome cilia 1 or 2, rudimentary or absent.

11–13 µm.

9–13 µm.

asexual reproduction by axillary obcuneate propagula.

asexual reproduction absent.