Flora of North America species comparison

with branching angle narrow, branches easily detached;

pseudoparaphyllia absent;

rhizoids axillary, purplish and granular-papillose at least when young.

with branching angle wide, branches firmly attached;

pseudoparaphyllia apparently absent;

rhizoids below or at abaxial leaf insertion, red-brown, smooth.

erect-spreading or sometimes ± secund, 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm;

base not or somewhat narrowed to insertion;

margins serrulate, especially at insertion;

alar cells subquadrate, region of 3–7 cells;

distal laminal cells shortly oblong-rhomboid, 3–4:1.

loosely spreading, 0.1–0.3 mm;

base not narrowed to insertion;

margins entire at insertion, serrulate elsewhere;

alar cells scarcely differentiated;

distal laminal cells elongate-rhomboidal, 3–6:1.

0.6–1.1 cm.

0.4–0.9 cm.

dioicous;

perichaetial leaf margins ciliate-dentate distally.

autoicous;

perichaetial leaf margins coarsely dentate distally.

erect, oblong-cylindric, symmetric or nearly so, 0.5–1 mm, contracted below mouth and at neck when dry, neck short;

stomata in neck;

annulus 2-seriate;

operculum convex-conic, stoutly mammillate to ± rostellate;

exostome teeth whitish yellow;

endostome cilia 1 or 2, rudimentary to well developed.

inclined, horizontal, or sometimes suberect, broadly oblong-ovoid, asymmetric, 0.4–0.5 mm, not contracted below mouth when dry, neck absent;

stomata absent;

annulus 1-seriate;

operculum convex-conic, stoutly apiculate;

exostome teeth yellowish;

endostome cilia 1 or 2, well developed.

11–13 µm.

8–13 µm.

asexual reproduction by axillary obcuneate propagula.

asexual reproduction absent.