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lesser purple fringe bog-orchid, lesser purple fringe orchid, small purple-fringe orchid

platanthera de hoja corta, short-leaf bog-orchid, shortflower bog orchid

Habit Plants 14–101 cm. Plants 16–60 cm.
Leaves

2–5, wide-spreading, recurved to somewhat ascending, scattered along stem, gradually reduced to bracts distally;

blade lanceolate, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-obovate, 5–22 × 1.5–7 cm.

few, ascending-sheathing, little more than bracts, scarcely reduced distally;

bracts often lacking;

blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 × 0.7–2 cm.

Spikes

lax to very dense.

lax to rather dense.

Flowers

resupinate, showy, lavender- to rose-purple, rarely white;

lateral sepals reflexed to somewhat spreading;

petals spatulate to broadly obovate or cuneate-oblong, margins dentate-lacerate to sparsely fringed;

lip descending to somewhat porrect, deeply 3-lobed, without basal thickening, 5–13 × 5–17 mm, distal margins of lobes fringed, sometimes deeply, lateral lobes often reflexed or slightly elevated above middle lobe, broadly to narrowly cuneate, middle lobe sometimes reflexed, broadly cuneate-flabellate, often emarginate to 2-fid;

spur slenderly cylindric to slightly clavate, 12–22 mm;

rostellum lobes nearly parallel, directed downward, short, rounded;

pollinaria nearly straight;

pollinia remaining enclosed within anther sacs;

viscidia suborbiculate to broadly elliptic;

ovary slender to stout, 9–16 mm.

resupinate, not showy, green to yellowish green;

lateral sepals reflexed or sometimes spreading;

petals ovate- to lance-falcate, margins entire;

lip descending or reflexed, linear to linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, 6–10(–14) mm, margins entire, often with series of low parallel ridges on adaxial surface;

spur cylindric or tapering toward apex, 9–20 mm, apex usually rather acute;

rostellum lobes somewhat divergent, directed forward, rounded-subangular, rather prominent;

pollinaria straight;

pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;

viscidia orbiculate to broadly elliptic-oblong;

ovary rather slender to stout, mostly 6–12 mm.

2n

= 42.

Platanthera psycodes

Platanthera brevifolia

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug(–Sep). Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Alluvial and swamp forests, stream banks, riparian meadows, moist and seeping slopes, marshes, roadside banks, ditches, old fields Dry to moist open, usually coniferous, forest, sometimes seasonally moist banks of intermittent streams
Elevation 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft) 2100–2750 m (6900–9000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; GA; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; ME; MI; MN; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
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from FNA
NM; Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Platanthera psycodes is known to hybridize with P. lacera in the northeasternmost portion of its range, where the species bloom simultaneously. Such hybrids are known as P. ×andrewsii (M. White) Luer; see the discussion under P. lacera. A few specimens also suggest very rare hybridization with P. grandiflora.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The greatly reduced herbage of Platanthera brevifolia is distinctive. Robust plants may lack developed leaves altogether, with merely a few reduced bracts at the base of the stem and an inflorescence comprising nearly the entire height of the plant. A strong mycotrophic mode is suggested by the occurrence in some colonies of truly albino plants without pigmentation.

Platanthera brevifolia largely replaces P. sparsiflora in Mexico and is very distinctive at its northern limit in the United States. Although P. sparsiflora is exceedingly variable in floral dimensions, in habit, and in the number, size, and placement of leaves, the pattern seen in P. brevifolia seems to lie outside this range of variation. With a generally longer spur and very different ecologic requirements, it is here treated at the specific level. Nonetheless, P. brevifolia is reported to intergrade with P. sparsiflora in Mexico (R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson. 1974+, vol. 16, pp. 254–256), yet the latter species probably does not range there beyond a possible occurrence in Baja California (M. A. Soto 1988). 

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 565. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera
Sibling taxa
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. flava, P. grandiflora, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. lacera, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. flava, P. grandiflora, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. lacera, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. psycodes, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
Synonyms Orchis psycodes, Habenaria psycodes Habenaria brevifolia, Habenaria sparsiflora var. brevifolia, Limnorchis brevifolia, P. sparsiflora var. brevifolia
Name authority (Linnaeus) Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 294. (1835) (Greene) Kraenzlin: Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 639. (1899)
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