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greater purple fringe bog-orchid, greater purple fringe orchid

green fringe bog-orchid, green fringe orchid

Habit Plants 27–120 cm. Plants 14–80 cm.
Leaves

2–6, wide-spreading and recurved to somewhat ascending, scattered along stem, gradually reduced to bracts distally;

blade lanceolate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oblong-obovate, 13–24 × 2.5–9 cm.

1–4, wide-spreading to ascending, scattered along stem, gradually to abruptly reduced to bracts distally;

blade linear-lanceolate, linear-oblong, or oblong-obovate, 7–23 × 0.7–5 cm.

Spikes

lax to rather dense.

lax to dense.

Flowers

resupinate, showy, lavender- to rose-purple, rarely white;

lateral sepals spreading to somewhat reflexed;

petals ovate, oblong, elliptic-oblong, or oblong-obovate, margins crenate to dentate-lacerate, sometimes nearly entire;

lip descending to somewhat porrect, deeply 3-lobed, without basal thickening, 10–25 × 14–26 mm, distal margins of lobes fringed, usually deeply, lateral lobes sometimes perpendicular to middle lobe, lateral lobes cuneate, often broadly so, middle lobe broadly cuneate-flabellate, often emarginate to 2-fid;

spur clavate, 15–35 mm;

rostellum lobes directed forward, spreading, angular;

pollinaria nearly straight;

pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;

viscidia orbiculate;

ovary slender to stout, 12–25 mm.

resupinate, not showy to inconspicuous, whitish green or yellowish green, lip often paler;

lateral sepals reflexed;

petals linear to narrowly oblong-spatulate, margins entire or apex rarely slightly lacerate;

lip descending, without basal thickening, deeply 3-lobed, 10–17 × 13–17 mm, lobes extensively and deeply divided, commonly into filiform divisions, margins rarely merely fringed or middle lobe merely lacerate-fringed, lateral lobes narrowly to broadly cuneate, middle lobe cuneate-flabellate, usually narrow;

spur slenderly to markedly clavate, 11–23 mm;

rostellum lobes nearly parallel, directed downward, short, rounded;

pollinaria nearly straight;

pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;

viscidia linear;

ovary slender to stout, mostly 8–20 mm.

2n

= 42.

= 42.

Platanthera grandiflora

Platanthera lacera

Phenology Flowering Jun–Aug. Flowering May–Aug.
Habitat Alluvial and swamp forests, stream banks, seeping slopes, marshes, sphagnum bog forests, mesic wooded slopes, old fields Sphagnum bogs, alluvial and swamp forests, stream banks, riparian meadows, sand flats, moist and seeping slopes, prairies, roadside banks, ditches, old fields, borrow pits
Elevation 0–1800 m (0–5900 ft) 0–1200 m (0–3900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; MA; MD; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; RI; TN; VA; VT; WV; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Platanthera grandiflora is known to hybridize with P. lacera in the northeasternmost portion of its range, where the species bloom simultaneously. The name P. ×keenanii P. M. Brown has recently been proposed for these hybrids, but the complex synonymy of this group dictates that types be checked for possible priority. See the discussion under P. lacera. A few specimens also suggest very rare hybridization with P. psycodes (W. P. Stoutamire 1974).

Rare white-flowered plants may be separated from 23. Platanthera leucophaea by the orientation of the pollinia.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Hybrids with Platanthera grandiflora (P. ×keenanii P. M. Brown; see note under 20. P. grandiflora) and P. psycodes [P. ×andrewsii (M. White) Luer] are variably intermediate between the parents, with various purple-green shadings and lobes of the lip generally narrower and more dissected than in the purple-flowered parents. The linear viscidia of P. lacera and the large anther sacs of P. grandiflora provide means for determination. The ratio of viscidium length/width of 1–3.2 distinguishes hybrids and purple-flowered parents from P. lacera, which is characterized by a ratio of 2.7–4.6. The parentage of hybrids can be determined by different sized anther sacs: P. ×andrewsii, 1.4–2.3 mm; P. ×keenanii, 2.5–4.2 mm. Those hybrids can be distinguished from their purple-flowered parents by less intense coloring and the ratio of viscidium length/width: P. psycodes 1–1.5; P. ×andrewsii, 1.3–3; P. grandiflora, 1–1.5; P. ×keenanii, 1.5–3.2. The plants known as Platanthera lacera var. terrae-novae (Fernald) Luer (Habenaria lacera var. terrae-novae Fernald) apparently represent swarms of P. ×andrewsii and introgressed P. lacera (P. M. Catling and V. R. Catling 1994).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 26, p. 565. FNA vol. 26, p. 566.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera
Sibling taxa
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. flava, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. lacera, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. psycodes, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. flava, P. grandiflora, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. psycodes, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
Synonyms Orchis grandiflora, Habenaria fimbriata, Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora Orchis lacera, Habenaria lacera
Name authority (Bigelow) Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 294. (1835) (Michaux) G. Don: in R. Sweet, Hort. Brit. ed. 3 650. 189
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