The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

northern tubercled bog-orchid, palegreen orchid

platanthera de hoja corta, short-leaf bog-orchid, shortflower bog orchid

Habit Plants 13–65 cm. Plants 16–60 cm.
Leaves

(1–)2–3(–4), spreading to ascending, gradually to rather abruptly reduced to bracts distally;

blade lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, 5–35 × 1–7 cm.

few, ascending-sheathing, little more than bracts, scarcely reduced distally;

bracts often lacking;

blade ovate to elliptic-ovate, 2.5–6 × 0.7–2 cm.

Spikes

lax to dense.

lax to rather dense.

Flowers

resupinate, inconspicuous, yellowish green;

lateral sepals porrect to reflexed;

petals oblong-orbiculate to ovate, apex somewhat crenulate;

lip descending to commonly reflexed, 2–6 × 1.8–5 mm, base auriculate, with prominent central tubercle, distal margin entire to slightly crenulate;

spur cylindric to strongly clavate, 4–8(–11) mm, apex rarely 2-lobed;

rostellum lobes mostly parallel to slightly diverging, directed downward, minute, obscure;

pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;

viscidia mostly quadrangular, oblong-quadrangular, orbiculate, or broadly asymmetric, commonly canaliculate to nearly cylindric and difficult to assess;

ovary rather slender to stout, mostly 8–10 × 2 mm.

resupinate, not showy, green to yellowish green;

lateral sepals reflexed or sometimes spreading;

petals ovate- to lance-falcate, margins entire;

lip descending or reflexed, linear to linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, 6–10(–14) mm, margins entire, often with series of low parallel ridges on adaxial surface;

spur cylindric or tapering toward apex, 9–20 mm, apex usually rather acute;

rostellum lobes somewhat divergent, directed forward, rounded-subangular, rather prominent;

pollinaria straight;

pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;

viscidia orbiculate to broadly elliptic-oblong;

ovary rather slender to stout, mostly 6–12 mm.

Platanthera flava

Platanthera brevifolia

Phenology Flowering Jul–Sep.
Habitat Dry to moist open, usually coniferous, forest, sometimes seasonally moist banks of intermittent streams
Elevation 2100–2750 m (6900–9000 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
e North America
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
NM; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The greatly reduced herbage of Platanthera brevifolia is distinctive. Robust plants may lack developed leaves altogether, with merely a few reduced bracts at the base of the stem and an inflorescence comprising nearly the entire height of the plant. A strong mycotrophic mode is suggested by the occurrence in some colonies of truly albino plants without pigmentation.

Platanthera brevifolia largely replaces P. sparsiflora in Mexico and is very distinctive at its northern limit in the United States. Although P. sparsiflora is exceedingly variable in floral dimensions, in habit, and in the number, size, and placement of leaves, the pattern seen in P. brevifolia seems to lie outside this range of variation. With a generally longer spur and very different ecologic requirements, it is here treated at the specific level. Nonetheless, P. brevifolia is reported to intergrade with P. sparsiflora in Mexico (R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson. 1974+, vol. 16, pp. 254–256), yet the latter species probably does not range there beyond a possible occurrence in Baja California (M. A. Soto 1988). 

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lip (excluding auricles) subquadrangular, suborbiculate, or broadly ovate, often emarginate; inflorescences usually rather lax, slender (this enhanced by floral bracts mostly shorter than flowers).
var. flava
1. Lip (excluding auricles) oblong, usually obtuse, (rarely triangular, acute); inflorescences usually rather dense, stout (this emphasized by floral bracts usually long, often greatly exceeding flowers).
var. herbiola
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 563. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera Orchidaceae > subfam. Orchidoideae > tribe Orchideae > subtribe Orchidinae > Platanthera
Sibling taxa
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. brevifolia, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. grandiflora, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. lacera, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. psycodes, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
P. aquilonis, P. blephariglottis, P. chapmanii, P. chorisiana, P. ciliaris, P. clavellata, P. convallariifolia, P. cristata, P. dilatata, P. flava, P. grandiflora, P. hookeri, P. huronensis, P. hyperborea, P. integra, P. integrilabia, P. lacera, P. leucophaea, P. limosa, P. macrophylla, P. nivea, P. obtusata, P. orbiculata, P. peramoena, P. praeclara, P. psycodes, P. purpurascens, P. sparsiflora, P. stricta, P. tipuloides, P. zothecina
Subordinate taxa
P. flava var. flava, P. flava var. herbiola
Synonyms Orchis flava, Habenaria flava, Perularia scutellata Habenaria brevifolia, Habenaria sparsiflora var. brevifolia, Limnorchis brevifolia, P. sparsiflora var. brevifolia
Name authority (Linnaeus) Lindley: Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 293. (1835) (Greene) Kraenzlin: Orchid. Gen. Sp. 1: 639. (1899)
Web links