Platanthera clavellata
Platanthera sparsiflora
little club-spur bog-orchid, small green wood orchid
bog orchid, canyon bog orchid, few-flower bog orchid, few-flower rein orchid, sparse-flower bog-orchid
1(–2), on basal half of stem, ascending to spreading, usually abruptly reduced to bracts distally;
blade oblanceolate to oblong, linear-oblong, or elliptic, 3–19 × 0.8–3.5 cm.
few–several, ascending to recurved-spreading, scattered along stem or sometimes clustered near base, gradually to abruptly reduced to bracts distally;
blade ovate-, oblong-, or oblanceolate-elliptic to linear, 6.5–30 × 0.8–5 cm.
moderately dense.
very lax to dense.
resupinate, often incompletely so and held at angle, not showy, rather inconspicuous pale green to dull yellowish green;
lateral sepals porrect;
petals ovate to obovate;
lip oblong, obscurely 3-lobed, without basal thickening, 3–7 × 3–4 mm, margins sometimes dentate-lacerate, apex truncate;
spur clavate, 7–13 mm;
rostellum lobes directed downward, very short, truncate;
pollinaria straight or slightly curved laterally;
pollinia fragmenting, pollen masses trailing down onto stigma;
viscidia linear to linear lanceolate;
ovary rather stout, 6–11 mm.
resupinate, not showy, green to yellowish green;
lateral sepals reflexed or sometimes spreading;
petals ovate- to lance-falcate, margins entire;
lip descending or reflexed, oblong or linear to linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, a thickened median basal ridge present or absent, 4.5–11 × 0.6–3 mm, margins entire;
spur slightly clavate, cylindric, or tapering toward usually rather acute apex;
rostellum lobes somewhat divergent, directed forward, rounded-subangular, rather prominent, to strongly divergent, very small, rounded, obscure;
pollinaria straight;
pollinia remaining enclosed in anther sacs;
viscidia orbiculate to oblong;
ovary rather slender to stout, mostly 5–14 mm.
= 42.
= 42.
Platanthera clavellata
Platanthera sparsiflora
In common with Platanthera nivea and P. integra, the column of P. clavellata bears a series of lateral projections that are directed forward; the upper pair is elaborately adorned and may be glandular. It appears that this species is inappropriately placed in Platanthera. See note under 30. P. nivea.
The broader leaves cited as distinguishing Platanthera clavellata var. ophioglossoides are more prevalent in the North, but occur throughout the range of the species. In some areas populations commonly display a complete range of leaf shape; this feature alone is of no taxonomic significance.
The unusual and infrequent hybrid Platanthera blephariglottis × P. clavellata is P. ×vossii Case.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
The columns of Platanthera sparsiflora, P. brevifolia, and P. zothecina differ from those of superficially similar species in their comparatively large, diverging, and forward-directed rostellum lobes; they are typical of columns of Platanthera species that deposit pollinaria on insects’ compound eyes. The resulting broad column fills a large portion (generally about 2/3) of the width of the hood formed by the dorsal sepal and petals, and in live and well-prepared herbarium specimens this feature separates these species from their relatives with proportionately smaller, narrower columns. Selection for more generalized pollination mechanisms, as is known elsewhere in the genus, however, has apparently produced derivatives of P. sparsiflora with reduced columns that simulate members of the P. hyperborea complex. The use of column structure, as has been traditionally employed to delimit P. sparsiflora, therefore actually recognizes a pollination syndrome and may not be adequate to represent the evolutionary and systematic status of this group.
Platanthera sparsiflora is highly variable in both vegetative habit and flower structure. Plants may be rather short, stout, with numerous broad leaves scattered along the stem and a rather dense inflorescence of comparatively large flowers. Others are tall and very slender, with few small, ascending leaves widely spaced on the proximal portions of the stem and very lax inflorescences of small flowers (Limnorchis laxiflora Rydberg). Others, with long, usually dense inflorescences of small flowers distal to basal clusters of leaves, have recently been treated as Limnorchis ensifolia by W. A. Weber (1990). These last, also discussed at length by D. S. Correll (1950) under Habenaria sparsiflora var. laxiflora, are characterized by smaller columns in which the reduced rostellum lobes appear to be folded forward, replacing the typical hemispheric chamber with a narrower fissure. Flower size in some plants furthermore may vary greatly in different years. Spurs vary from uniformly tapering to clavate, extending stiffly along the ovary to curving forward, and in length range from slightly shorter than the lip to about 1.6 times its length. In both vegetative and floral characters various degrees of intermediacy and combinations of character extremes occur. The complex including the three species recognized here is currently under critical study.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
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