Plantago tweedyi |
Plantago major |
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Tweedy's plantain |
common plantain, great plantain, nippleseed, plantain majeur |
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Habit | Perennials; caudex well developed, conspicuous, glabrous; roots taproots, thick. | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. |
Stems | 0–20 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 40–200 × 10–30 mm; blade lanceolate-spatulate to narrowly ovate, margins entire, sometimes toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces usually glabrous. |
20–150(–400) × 10–120(–170) mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
Scapes | 25–200 mm, slightly surpassing leaves, glabrous. |
50–250(–500) mm, surpassing leaves or not, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | brownish or greenish, 45–250 mm, densely flowered, rachis not clearly visible between flowers; bracts broadly ovate, 2 mm, length 0.8–1 times sepals. |
brownish or greenish, (20–)50–300(–400) mm, densely flowered; bracts lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, length 0.3–0.7 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2–2.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes spreading, 1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Fruits | (2–)4–5 mm, dehiscing at middle. |
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Seeds | 3 or 4, 2–2.3 mm. |
5–35, 0.5–1 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 12. |
Plantago tweedyi |
Plantago major |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Grasslands, sagebrush steppes, montane and subalpine meadows. | Roadsides, trails, stream banks, urban areas, lawns, other disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 1600–4000 m. (5200–13100 ft.) | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CO; ID; MT; NM; UT; WY
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | Subspecies intermedia (Gilibert) Lange is often accepted by European botanists as a separate species, Plantago uliginosa F. W. Schmidt. Observations suggest that plants referable to this taxon may occur in the United States; it has been reported from the New England states (A. Haines 2011). Subspecies intermedia is distinguished by more abundant (11–35) and smaller (0.8–1 mm) seeds, ascending spikes, ovoid fruits, and elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades. Without detailed morphologic and genetic investigations of North American plants similar to the study of European plants by M. Morgan-Richards and K. Wolff (1999), it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the status and distribution of this or any other possible infraspecific taxa of P. major in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 293. | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. major var. pachyphylla, P. major var. pilgeri, P. major var. scopulorum | |
Name authority | A. Gray: in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2, 2(1): 390. (1886) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 112. (1753) |
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