Plantago patagonica |
Plantago major |
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Indian wheat, Patagonia plantain, Pursh's plantain, woolly plantain |
common plantain, great plantain, nippleseed, plantain majeur |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. |
Stems | 0–15 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | (25–)50–120 × 1–4 mm; blade linear, margins entire, rarely toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous. |
20–150(–400) × 10–120(–170) mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
Scapes | (10–)40–240(–260) mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short and patent, long. |
50–250(–500) mm, surpassing leaves or not, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | grayish or brownish, 40–120 mm, densely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts triangular or narrowly ovate, 2–10 mm, length 1–2 times sepals, apex acute or acuminate. |
brownish or greenish, (20–)50–300(–400) mm, densely flowered; bracts lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, length 0.3–0.7 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2.2–4.8 mm; corolla bilaterally symmetric, lobes reflexed, 1.6–2.1 mm, base cordate; stamens 4, connective usually elongated, apex acute. |
sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Fruits | (2–)4–5 mm, dehiscing at middle. |
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Seeds | 2, 2.2–2.6 mm. |
5–35, 0.5–1 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 12. |
Plantago patagonica |
Plantago major |
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Phenology | Flowering early summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dry sandy soils, grasslands, openings, disturbed areas. | Roadsides, trails, stream banks, urban areas, lawns, other disturbed areas. |
Elevation | 0–3600 m. (0–11800 ft.) | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) |
Distribution |
AR; AZ; CA; CO; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; South America; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | The circumscription of Plantago patagonica is treated here in accordance with K. Rahn (1978). The phenotypic plasticity of it does not allow varieties or subspecies to be recognized. Plants recognized in other floras as P. purshii (for example, Flora of Indiana and Flora of New Mexico) are referable to either P. aristata or P. patagonica (Rahn). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies intermedia (Gilibert) Lange is often accepted by European botanists as a separate species, Plantago uliginosa F. W. Schmidt. Observations suggest that plants referable to this taxon may occur in the United States; it has been reported from the New England states (A. Haines 2011). Subspecies intermedia is distinguished by more abundant (11–35) and smaller (0.8–1 mm) seeds, ascending spikes, ovoid fruits, and elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades. Without detailed morphologic and genetic investigations of North American plants similar to the study of European plants by M. Morgan-Richards and K. Wolff (1999), it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the status and distribution of this or any other possible infraspecific taxa of P. major in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 290. | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. patagonica var. breviscapa, P. patagonica var. gnaphalioides, P. patagonica var. spinulosa, P. purshii var. oblonga, P. spinulosa | P. major var. pachyphylla, P. major var. pilgeri, P. major var. scopulorum |
Name authority | Jacquin: Icon. Pl. Rar. 2: 9, plate 306. (1795) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 112. (1753) |
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