Plantago major |
Plantago argyrea |
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common plantain, great plantain, nippleseed, plantain majeur |
saltmeadow plantain |
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Habit | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. |
Stems | 0–20 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 20–150(–400) × 10–120(–170) mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
45–140 × 1.5–4 mm; blade linear, margins entire, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces sericeous, rarely lanate. |
Scapes | 50–250(–500) mm, surpassing leaves or not, glabrous or hirsute. |
300–1300 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short. |
Spikes | brownish or greenish, (20–)50–300(–400) mm, densely flowered; bracts lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, length 0.3–0.7 times sepals. |
greenish or brownish, 70–200 mm, densely or loosely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts ovate, 1.5–2 mm, length 0.4–0.7 times sepals, apex acute. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2.6–3.3 mm; corolla bilaterally symmetric, lobes reflexed, 1.7–2.6 mm, base cordate; stamens 4, connective slightly elongated, apex obtuse. |
Fruits | (2–)4–5 mm, dehiscing at middle. |
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Seeds | 5–35, 0.5–1 mm. |
2, 2.3–2.8 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
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Plantago major |
Plantago argyrea |
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Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer–fall. |
Habitat | Roadsides, trails, stream banks, urban areas, lawns, other disturbed areas. | Clearings in forests. |
Elevation | 0–3000 m. (0–9800 ft.) | 700–2900 m. (2300–9500 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Greenland; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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AZ; NM; Mexico (Baja California, Chihuahua)
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Discussion | Subspecies intermedia (Gilibert) Lange is often accepted by European botanists as a separate species, Plantago uliginosa F. W. Schmidt. Observations suggest that plants referable to this taxon may occur in the United States; it has been reported from the New England states (A. Haines 2011). Subspecies intermedia is distinguished by more abundant (11–35) and smaller (0.8–1 mm) seeds, ascending spikes, ovoid fruits, and elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades. Without detailed morphologic and genetic investigations of North American plants similar to the study of European plants by M. Morgan-Richards and K. Wolff (1999), it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the status and distribution of this or any other possible infraspecific taxa of P. major in North America. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 284. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. major var. pachyphylla, P. major var. pilgeri, P. major var. scopulorum | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 112. (1753) | E. Morris: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 111. (1900) |
Web links |
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