Plantago major
Plantago afra
common plantain, great plantain, nippleseed, plantain majeur
glandular plantain
0–20 mm.
100–350 mm, freely branched.
20–150(–400) × 10–120(–170) mm;
petiole to 200 mm;
blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute.
cauline, opposite, 30–60 × 1–4 mm;
blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or slightly toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy.
50–250(–500) mm, surpassing leaves or not, glabrous or hirsute.
30–50 mm, hairy.
brownish or greenish, (20–)50–300(–400) mm, densely flowered;
bracts lanceolate, 0.5–1 mm, length 0.3–0.7 times sepals.
greenish or brownish, 40–65 mm, densely flowered, glandular-hairy;
bracts all similar, ovate, 3–5 mm, lengths 1–1.5 times sepals.
sepals 1.5–2 mm;
corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse;
stamens 4.
sepals 3–3.5 mm;
corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–3 mm, base obtuse;
stamens 4.
(2–)4–5 mm, dehiscing at middle.
lanceoloid.
5–35, 0.5–1 mm.
2, 2–3 mm.
= 12.
= 12.
Plantago major
Plantago afra
Subspecies intermedia (Gilibert) Lange is often accepted by European botanists as a separate species, Plantago uliginosa F. W. Schmidt. Observations suggest that plants referable to this taxon may occur in the United States; it has been reported from the New England states (A. Haines 2011). Subspecies intermedia is distinguished by more abundant (11–35) and smaller (0.8–1 mm) seeds, ascending spikes, ovoid fruits, and elliptic or lanceolate leaf blades. Without detailed morphologic and genetic investigations of North American plants similar to the study of European plants by M. Morgan-Richards and K. Wolff (1999), it is not possible to draw any conclusions about the status and distribution of this or any other possible infraspecific taxa of P. major in North America.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Plantago afra is known in Massachusetts from a single collection made in 1927 in Worcester County.
Plantago psyllium Linnaeus (1762, not 1753), a rejected name, and P. indica Linnaeus are misapplied names that pertain here. Plantago squalida Salisbury is an illegitimate name that pertains here.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
- Local floras:
BC, 
CA, 
OR, 
WA - Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos,
Flora NW, 
Go Botany, 
IL Wildflowers, 
KS Wildflowers, 
LA Plants, 
MD Biodiversity, 
MI Flora, 
MN Wildflowers, 
MO Plants, 
PNW Herbaria, Turner Photog. 
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
USDA Plants Database- LBJ Wildflower Center
- SEINet
- Plants of the World Online
- Encyclopedia of Life
- Wikipedia
- Google Image Search
