Plantago macrocarpa |
Plantago maritima |
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Alaska plantain, seashore plantain |
Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
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Habit | Perennials; caudex well developed, conspicuous, glabrous; roots fibrous, thick. | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. |
Stems | 0–20 mm. |
0–40 mm, usually branched. |
Leaves | (80–)100–400(–550) × (5–)10–35(–40) mm; blade oblanceolate or almost linear, margins entire, veins conspicuous, 4 or 5, surfaces glabrous. |
10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
Scapes | 300–400 mm, glabrous or sparsely hairy, becoming densely so distally. |
40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 350–450 mm, loosely flowered; bracts ovate to deltate, 3–4 mm, length 1.5–2.5 times sepals. |
greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes spreading, 1.5–2 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Fruits | ovoid, indehiscent or dehiscence not circumscissile. |
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Seeds | 1 or 2, 4–5 mm. |
1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
2n | = 24. |
= 24. |
Plantago macrocarpa |
Plantago maritima |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Wet places, tidal marshes, saline areas. | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. |
Elevation | 0–700 m. (0–2300 ft.) | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AK; OR; WA; BC; Asia
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AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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Discussion | Plantago macrocarpa has been documented along the Pacific coast south to the mouth of the Yachats River in Oregon. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax | |
Name authority | Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 166. (1826) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) |
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