Plantago lanceolata |
Plantago rugelii |
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|---|---|---|
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buckhorn plantain, English plantain, narrow-leaf plantain, ribwort, ribwort plantain |
blackseed plantain, plantain de Rugel, Rugel's plantain |
|
| Habit | Perennials; caudex hairy or glabrous; roots fibrous, slender. | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. |
| Stems | 0–20 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
| Leaves | 30–300 × 5–25(–45) mm; blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or sericeous. |
20–150 × 10–120 mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
| Scapes | 300–400 mm, groove-angled, hairy. |
50–250 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
| Spikes | grayish, whitish, or yellowish, (5–)100–450(–1000) mm, usually shorter than scape, densely flowered, shiny; corolla lobes of neighboring flowers often overlapping; bracts broadly ovate, 2 mm, length 0.8–1 times sepals. |
brownish or greenish, 50–300 mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm, length 1–1.2 times sepals. |
| Flowers | sepals 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 2 connate; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–2.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
| Fruits | 4–6(–8) mm, dehiscing proximal to middle. |
|
| Seeds | (1 or)2, 2–3(–4) mm. |
4 or 5(–8), 1.5–2 mm. |
| 2n | = 12. |
= 24. |
Plantago lanceolata |
Plantago rugelii |
|
| Phenology | Flowering summer. | Flowering summer. |
| Habitat | Roadsides, trails, lawns, urban areas, other disturbed sites. | Open woods, meadows, pastures, waste places. |
| Elevation | 0–3200 m. [0–10500 ft.] | 0–2000 m. [0–6600 ft.] |
| Distribution |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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| Discussion | Plantago lanceolata is known from historic collections in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The name Plantago altissima Linnaeus sometimes has been misapplied to North American plants of P. lanceolata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plants of Plantago major and P. rugelii are morphologically indistinguishable when young; they may be differentiated with certainty only at fruiting stage. DNA sequence data (A. Shipunov et al. 2014) confirm that the two species are distinct: P. rugelii is different from P. major by 11 substitutions in the ITS2 sequence. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
| Parent taxa | ||
| Sibling taxa | ||
| Synonyms | P. lanceolata var. angustifolia, P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya | |
| Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 113. (1753) | Decaisne: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 700. (1852) |
| Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 288. | FNA vol. 17, p. 292. |
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