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plantain des sables, sand plantain

redseed indianwheat, redseed plantain, Virginia plantain

Habit Annuals; roots taproots, slender. Annuals; roots taproots, slender.
Stems

100–350 mm, freely branched.

0–10 mm.

Leaves

cauline, opposite, 60–80 × 1–3 mm;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy.

60–290 × 7–30 mm;

blade obovate or elliptic, margins toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces pilose.

Scapes

100–650 mm, hairy.

15–150 mm, hairy, hairs patent, long.

Spikes

greenish or brownish, (50–)150–250 mm, densely flowered, eglandular;

bracts proximal strongly differing from distal, ovate, 2–5(–7) mm, length 1–1.5 times sepals, proximal bracts: apex acute.

greenish, yellowish, or brownish, 35–300 mm, densely or loosely flowered;

bracts narrowly triangular or triangular, 2.5–3.2 mm, length 0.7–1.1 times sepals.

Flowers

sepals 2–3 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–4 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

sepals asymmetric, 2.7–3.6 mm, apex acuminate;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes erect, forming a beak, 2–3.1 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

Seeds

2, 2–2.5 mm.

2, dark red, 2.3–2.8 mm, adaxial face concave.

2n

= 12.

= 24.

Plantago indica

Plantago rhodosperma

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering spring.
Habitat Roadsides, railroads, sandy shorelines. Rocky or sandy soils, grasslands, disturbed areas.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) 0–2600 m. (0–8500 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MO; MS; NE; NM; OK; TN; TX; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

While considering the proposal made by W. L. Applequist (2006) to reject Plantago psyllium, the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants also decided that P. indica is a legitimate name (R. K. Brummitt 2009). A. B. Doweld and A. Shipunov (2017) published a proposal to reject P. indica in favor of P. arenaria. That proposal awaits a decision by that committee.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 288. FNA vol. 17, p. 292.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Plantago Plantaginaceae > Plantago
Sibling taxa
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
Synonyms P. arenaria, P. psyllium
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759, legitimacy of — name in question Decaisne: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 722. (1852)
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