Plantago indica |
Plantago lanceolata |
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plantain des sables, sand plantain |
buckhorn plantain, English plantain, narrow-leaf plantain, ribwort, ribwort plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials; caudex hairy or glabrous; roots fibrous, slender. |
Stems | 100–350 mm, freely branched. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | cauline, opposite, 60–80 × 1–3 mm; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy. |
30–300 × 5–25(–45) mm; blade lanceolate to oblanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or sericeous. |
Scapes | 100–650 mm, hairy. |
300–400 mm, groove-angled, hairy. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, (50–)150–250 mm, densely flowered, eglandular; bracts proximal strongly differing from distal, ovate, 2–5(–7) mm, length 1–1.5 times sepals, proximal bracts: apex acute. |
grayish, whitish, or yellowish, (5–)100–450(–1000) mm, usually shorter than scape, densely flowered, shiny; corolla lobes of neighboring flowers often overlapping; bracts broadly ovate, 2 mm, length 0.8–1 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2–3 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–4 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
sepals 2–2.5 mm, adaxial 2 connate; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–2.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 2, 2–2.5 mm. |
(1 or)2, 2–3(–4) mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 12. |
Plantago indica |
Plantago lanceolata |
|
Phenology | Flowering late summer–fall. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Roadsides, railroads, sandy shorelines. | Roadsides, trails, lawns, urban areas, other disturbed sites. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–3200 m. (0–10500 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
AK; AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; BC; NB; NF; NS; ON; PE; QC; SPM; Greenland; Europe [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Central America, South America, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | While considering the proposal made by W. L. Applequist (2006) to reject Plantago psyllium, the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants also decided that P. indica is a legitimate name (R. K. Brummitt 2009). A. B. Doweld and A. Shipunov (2017) published a proposal to reject P. indica in favor of P. arenaria. That proposal awaits a decision by that committee. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Plantago lanceolata is known from historic collections in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. The name Plantago altissima Linnaeus sometimes has been misapplied to North American plants of P. lanceolata. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 288. | FNA vol. 17, p. 288. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. arenaria, P. psyllium | P. lanceolata var. angustifolia, P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759, legitimacy of — name in question | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 113. (1753) |
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