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plantain des sables, sand plantain

coastal plantain, prairie plantain, slender plantain

Habit Annuals; roots taproots, slender. Annuals; roots taproots, slender.
Stems

100–350 mm, freely branched.

0–5(–7) mm.

Leaves

cauline, opposite, 60–80 × 1–3 mm;

blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy.

10–70 × (0.8–)1–2 mm;

blade linear to almost filiform, margins entire, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces glabrous or hairy.

Scapes

100–650 mm, hairy.

10–80 mm, glabrous or hairy.

Spikes

greenish or brownish, (50–)150–250 mm, densely flowered, eglandular;

bracts proximal strongly differing from distal, ovate, 2–5(–7) mm, length 1–1.5 times sepals, proximal bracts: apex acute.

greenish, brownish, or gray, (30–)50–150 mm, densely or loosely flowered;

bracts ovate, 2–2.5 mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals.

Flowers

sepals 2–3 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–4 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 4.

sepals 2–2.5 mm;

corolla radially symmetric, lobes spreading or reflexed, not forming a beak, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse;

stamens 2.

Seeds

2, 2–2.5 mm.

(3 or)4–9(–12), 1.5–2.5 mm.

2n

= 12.

= 12, 20, 36.

Plantago indica

Plantago elongata

Phenology Flowering late summer–fall. Flowering spring–early summer.
Habitat Roadsides, railroads, sandy shorelines. Mostly moist soils.
Elevation 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) 0–2100 m. (0–6900 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America]
from FNA
AZ; CA; CO; ID; KS; MN; MT; ND; NE; NM; OK; OR; SD; TX; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; MB; SK; Mexico (Baja California)
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

While considering the proposal made by W. L. Applequist (2006) to reject Plantago psyllium, the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants also decided that P. indica is a legitimate name (R. K. Brummitt 2009). A. B. Doweld and A. Shipunov (2017) published a proposal to reject P. indica in favor of P. arenaria. That proposal awaits a decision by that committee.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Purported differences between Plantago bigelovii and P. elongata (I. J. Bassett 1966) do not appear to be taxonomically meaningful.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 288. FNA vol. 17, p. 286.
Parent taxa Plantaginaceae > Plantago Plantaginaceae > Plantago
Sibling taxa
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. elongata, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
P. afra, P. argyrea, P. aristata, P. australis, P. canescens, P. cordata, P. coronopus, P. erecta, P. eriopoda, P. firma, P. floccosa, P. helleri, P. heterophylla, P. hookeriana, P. indica, P. lanceolata, P. macrocarpa, P. major, P. maritima, P. media, P. ovata, P. patagonica, P. pusilla, P. rhodosperma, P. rugelii, P. sempervirens, P. sparsiflora, P. subnuda, P. tweedyi, P. virginica, P. wrightiana
Synonyms P. arenaria, P. psyllium P. bigelovii, P. bigelovii subsp. californica, P. elongata subsp. pentasperma
Name authority Linnaeus: Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759, legitimacy of — name in question Pursh: Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 729. (1813)
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