Plantago hookeriana |
Plantago indica |
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California plantain, Hooker's plantain, tallow weed |
plantain des sables, sand plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. |
Stems | 0–10 mm. |
100–350 mm, freely branched. |
Leaves | 60–120 × 4–10 mm; blade linear, margins toothed (teeth to 4 mm), rarely entire, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous or sericeous. |
cauline, opposite, 60–80 × 1–3 mm; blade linear to linear-lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy. |
Scapes | 280–580 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short. |
100–650 mm, hairy. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 50–180 mm, densely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts ovate or triangular, 1.5–6 mm, length 0.6–1.4 times sepals, apex acute or acuminate. |
greenish or brownish, (50–)150–250 mm, densely flowered, eglandular; bracts proximal strongly differing from distal, ovate, 2–5(–7) mm, length 1–1.5 times sepals, proximal bracts: apex acute. |
Flowers | sepals 2.5–4 mm; corolla bilaterally symmetric, abaxial and lateral lobes reflexed, adaxial erect, 2.2–2.5 mm, base slightly cordate; stamens 4, connective significantly elongated, apex acute. |
sepals 2–3 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–4 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 2, 2.4–3.4 mm. |
2, 2–2.5 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 12. |
Plantago hookeriana |
Plantago indica |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Sandy soils, disturbed areas. | Roadsides, railroads, sandy shorelines. |
Elevation | 0–1300 m. (0–4300 ft.) | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) |
Distribution |
LA; MS; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas)
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CA; CT; DE; IA; IL; IN; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; VA; VT; WA; WI; BC; MB; ON; QC; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | While considering the proposal made by W. L. Applequist (2006) to reject Plantago psyllium, the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants also decided that P. indica is a legitimate name (R. K. Brummitt 2009). A. B. Doweld and A. Shipunov (2017) published a proposal to reject P. indica in favor of P. arenaria. That proposal awaits a decision by that committee. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 287. | FNA vol. 17, p. 288. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. hookeriana var. nuda | P. arenaria, P. psyllium |
Name authority | Fischer & C. A. Meyer: Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 1838: 39. (1839) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 896. 1759, legitimacy of — name in question |
Web links |
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