Plantago heterophylla |
Plantago rugelii |
|
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slender plantain |
blackseed plantain, plantain de Rugel, Rugel's plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. |
Stems | 0–10 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 30–80 × 1–4 mm; blade linear, margins lobed, rarely entire, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
20–150 × 10–120 mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
Scapes | 5–60 mm, hairy, sometimes glabrous. |
50–250 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 50–150 mm, loosely or densely flowered; bracts ovate, 2 mm, length 0.9–1.1 times sepals. |
brownish or greenish, 50–300 mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm, length 1–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes spreading, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 2. |
sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Fruits | 4–6(–8) mm, dehiscing proximal to middle. |
|
Seeds | 10–25(–30), 0.5–0.8 mm. |
4 or 5(–8), 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 12. |
= 24. |
Plantago heterophylla |
Plantago rugelii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–early summer. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Moist sandy soils. | Open woods, meadows, pastures, waste places. |
Elevation | 0–200 m. (0–700 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; IL; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA [Introduced in South America (Argentina)]
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Plants of Plantago major and P. rugelii are morphologically indistinguishable when young; they may be differentiated with certainty only at fruiting stage. DNA sequence data (A. Shipunov et al. 2014) confirm that the two species are distinct: P. rugelii is different from P. major by 11 substitutions in the ITS2 sequence. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 287. | FNA vol. 17, p. 292. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Nuttall: Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s. 5: 177. (1835) | Decaisne: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 700. (1852) |
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