Plantago erecta |
Plantago rugelii |
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California plantain, dotseed plantain, erect dwarf plantain |
blackseed plantain, plantain de Rugel, Rugel's plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials, sometimes annuals; caudex absent; roots fibrous, thick. |
Stems | 0–10 mm. |
0–20 mm. |
Leaves | 50–120 × 1–4 mm; blade linear, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous or lanate, rarely glabrate. |
20–150 × 10–120 mm; petiole to 200 mm; blade ovate to cordate-ovate, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous, surfaces glabrous or hirsute. |
Scapes | 200–1500 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short. |
50–250 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 70–150 mm, densely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts ovate, 1–2 mm, length 0.3–0.8 times sepals. |
brownish or greenish, 50–300 mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 2 mm, length 1–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2.5–3.4 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–2.7 mm, base obtuse or slightly cordate; stamens 4, connective elongated, apex acute. |
sepals 1.5–2 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 0.5–1 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Fruits | 4–6(–8) mm, dehiscing proximal to middle. |
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Seeds | 2, 2.1–2.9 mm. |
4 or 5(–8), 1.5–2 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 24. |
Plantago erecta |
Plantago rugelii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dunes, grassy hills and flats, clearings in woods. | Open woods, meadows, pastures, waste places. |
Elevation | -50–1400 m. (-200–4600 ft.) | 0–2000 m. (0–6600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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Discussion | Plants of Plantago major and P. rugelii are morphologically indistinguishable when young; they may be differentiated with certainty only at fruiting stage. DNA sequence data (A. Shipunov et al. 2014) confirm that the two species are distinct: P. rugelii is different from P. major by 11 substitutions in the ITS2 sequence. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 286. | FNA vol. 17, p. 292. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. patagonica var. californica, P. erecta subsp. rigidior, P. hookeriana var. californica | |
Name authority | E. Morris: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 118. (1900) | Decaisne: in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 700. (1852) |
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