Plantago erecta |
Plantago maritima |
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California plantain, dotseed plantain, erect dwarf plantain |
Alaska plantain, common plantain, goose tongue, maritime plantain, plantain maritime, salt marsh plantain, sea plantain, seaside plantain |
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Habit | Annuals; roots taproots, slender. | Perennials, rarely annuals; caudex absent or well developed, conspicuous, glabrous or hairy; roots taproots, thick. |
Stems | 0–10 mm. |
0–40 mm, usually branched. |
Leaves | 50–120 × 1–4 mm; blade linear, margins entire or toothed, veins conspicuous or not, surfaces villous or lanate, rarely glabrate. |
10–220 × (1–)10–15 mm; blade linear to lanceolate, margins entire or toothed, veins not conspicuous, surfaces glabrous, sometimes hairy. |
Scapes | 200–1500 mm, hairy, hairs antrorse, long and short. |
40–120 mm, glabrous or hirsute. |
Spikes | greenish or brownish, 70–150 mm, densely flowered, flowers in whorls or pairs; bracts ovate, 1–2 mm, length 0.3–0.8 times sepals. |
greenish or brownish, (15–)50–200(–290) mm, densely or loosely flowered; bracts broadly ovate, 1.5–4(–6) mm, length 0.8–1.2 times sepals. |
Flowers | sepals 2.5–3.4 mm; corolla radially symmetric, lobes reflexed, 2–2.7 mm, base obtuse or slightly cordate; stamens 4, connective elongated, apex acute. |
sepals 1.5–3.5 mm; corolla radially symmetric, tube hairy, lobes reflexed, 1–1.5 mm, base obtuse; stamens 4. |
Seeds | 2, 2.1–2.9 mm. |
1–3, 1.5–3 mm. |
2n | = 20. |
= 24. |
Plantago erecta |
Plantago maritima |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering summer. |
Habitat | Dunes, grassy hills and flats, clearings in woods. | Marine shorelines, crevices of large rocks in sea spray, coastal and inland salt marshes, alkaline and saline flats, roadsides. |
Elevation | -50–1400 m. (-200–4600 ft.) | 0–800 m. (0–2600 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR; Mexico (Baja California)
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AK; CA; CT; MA; ME; NH; NJ; NY; OR; RI; VA; WA; AB; BC; MB; NB; NL; NS; NT; NU; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; SPM; Mexico; Central America; South America; Greenland; Eurasia; Africa
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Discussion | Plantago maritima has been reported from Utah; no specimen supporting that report has been found. Since the 1930s, when Plantago maritima was shown to have high levels of phenotypic plasticity (J. W. Gregor and J. M. S. Lang 1950), it usually has been accepted in a broad sense. That approach is followed here, with all dwarf and loose-flowered forms (such as P. borealis and P. decipiens, respectively) included under this name. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 286. | FNA vol. 17, p. 289. |
Parent taxa | Plantaginaceae > Plantago | Plantaginaceae > Plantago |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | P. patagonica var. californica, P. erecta subsp. rigidior, P. hookeriana var. californica | P. borealis, P. decipiens, P. juncoides, P. juncoides var. californica, P. juncoides var. decipiens, P. juncoides var. glauca, P. juncoides var. laurentiana, P. maritima subsp. borealis, P. maritima var. californica, P. maritima var. decipiens, P. maritima var. glauca, P. maritima subsp. juncoides, P. maritima var. juncoides, P. oliganthos, P. oliganthos var. fallax |
Name authority | E. Morris: Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 118. (1900) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 114. (1753) |
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